On July 25, 1974, the Supreme Court issued its 5-4 ruling in Milliken v. Bradley, effectively ending meaningful school desegregation efforts across metropolitan America by prohibiting cross-district busing remedies to address urban-suburban segregation. The decision exempted wealthy white suburbs …
Chief Justice Warren BurgerJustice Thurgood MarshallU.S. Supreme CourtNAACP Legal Defense FundDetroit Public Schoolseducationsupreme-courtsegregationhousing-policyjudicial-capture+2 more
A Detroit Police Department raid on an unlicensed after-hours bar in the heart of the city’s predominantly African American inner city ignites one of the most violent and destructive civil disturbances in American history. The five-day uprising leaves 43 people dead, more than 1,000 injured, …
Detroit Police DepartmentMichigan National GuardInsurance industryCorporate interestsDetroit residentsracial-injusticecorporate-disinvestmentwhite-flighturban-decayeconomic-abandonment
Between 1964 and 1975, as public schools in the Deep South begin to slowly desegregate through federal court orders, at least half a million white students are withdrawn from public schools nationwide to avoid mandatory desegregation. Private school enrollment across the South increases by more than …
White Citizens' CouncilsSouthern state legislaturesJerry Falwell Sr.Private school founderssegregation-academieswhite-flightprivate-school-subsidiesreligious-right-originspublic-education-undermining