The Trump DOJ, through Civil Rights Division head Harmeet Dhillon, sent a letter to Minnesota Secretary of State Steve Simon demanding voter registration records within 15 days. The DOJ is specifically targeting Minnesota’s same-day registration and “vouching” system, where voters …
The Department of Justice issued a final rule eliminating disparate impact liability from Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, ending five decades of civil rights protections that allowed enforcement against policies producing racially discriminatory outcomes without proof of discriminatory …
The Supreme Court began its 2025-2026 term on October 6, 2025, with a docket featuring critical cases on executive power, voting rights, and constitutional law. The October session includes 10 oral arguments over five days, with several cases that could fundamentally reshape American governance.
Key …
Trump’s Justice Department leadership ordered a complete freeze on all Civil Rights Division litigation and enforcement activities through internal memos sent by Chief of Staff Chad Mizelle to acting division head Kathleen Wolfe. The memos prohibited attorneys from filing “any new …
The Supreme Court held that Alabama’s congressional map likely violated §2 of the Voting Rights Act and ordered a remedy adding a second majority-Black district. The ruling preserved the Thornburg v. Gingles framework for vote-dilution claims, affecting redistricting nationally.
The Tennessee House of Representatives expelled two young Black Democratic lawmakers—Justin Jones of Nashville and Justin Pearson of Memphis—while sparing white Democratic Representative Gloria Johnson, in a blatantly racially discriminatory vote that temporarily disenfranchised approximately …
A leaked video obtained by the watchdog group Documented and shared with Mother Jones revealed that Heritage Action for America, the advocacy arm of the Heritage Foundation, was orchestrating a coordinated $24 million campaign to push voter restriction legislation across eight key battleground …
Governor Brian Kemp signed Georgia’s SB 202, the “Election Integrity Act of 2021,” implementing a sweeping 98-page voter suppression law that became the first major state enactment of Trump’s “Big Lie” and ALEC’s post-2020 model legislation. Passed on strict …
Throughout 2021, at least 440 bills containing voter restriction provisions were introduced across 49 states, representing the largest coordinated assault on voting rights since Jim Crow and demonstrating ALEC’s systematic model legislation deployment at unprecedented scale. The Brennan Center …
Governor Bill Lee signed legislation on August 21, 2020 that escalated penalties for camping on Tennessee state property from a misdemeanor to a Class E felony punishable by up to six years in prison and permanent disenfranchisement—a transparent effort to suppress Black Lives Matter protests that …
The Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Rucho v. Common Cause that partisan gerrymandering claims present “political questions beyond the reach of the federal courts,” effectively eliminating federal judicial oversight of even extreme partisan redistricting. The decision gives state legislatures …
Michigan voters approve Proposal 2 with 61% support, amending the state constitution to create an independent redistricting commission that removes politicians from the line-drawing process. The grassroots “Voters Not Politicians” initiative directly responds to Michigan’s status …
The Supreme Court rules 5-4 to uphold Ohio’s aggressive voter purge system—the most severe in the nation—that removes voters from registration rolls if they fail to vote in a single federal election and don’t return a mailed confirmation notice. Justice Samuel Alito’s majority …
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court rules that the state’s 2011 congressional map violates the Pennsylvania Constitution’s guarantee that “elections shall be free and equal,” striking down one of the nation’s most extreme partisan gerrymanders. The court finds that …
Federal courts strike down North Carolina’s 2011 legislative redistricting as unconstitutional racial gerrymandering, finding that Republican lawmakers illegally packed African American voters into 28 districts. In response, the Republican-controlled legislature redraws the maps with explicit …
A federal judge rules that Texas’s voter ID law, widely considered the strictest in the nation, was intentionally designed to discriminate against Black and Latino voters. The ruling finds “a pattern of conduct unexplainable on grounds other than the race factor” and marks the …
The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals strikes down North Carolina’s comprehensive voter suppression law (HB 589) in a scathing ruling that finds the legislature “target[ed] African Americans with almost surgical precision.” Judge Diana Gribbon Motz’s opinion exposes how North …
Within hours of the Supreme Court’s Shelby County v. Holder decision gutting the Voting Rights Act, North Carolina Republicans introduce and rapidly pass House Bill 589, one of the most comprehensive voter suppression laws in the nation. The law imposes strict voter ID requirements, eliminates …
The Supreme Court strikes down Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 in a 5-4 decision, effectively nullifying Section 5’s preclearance requirement that prevented jurisdictions with histories of racial discrimination from changing voting laws without federal approval. Chief Justice …
A federal court rules that the Texas Legislature’s 2011 redistricting plan for congressional districts discriminated against Latino voters in violation of the federal Voting Rights Act and the U.S. Constitution. The decision finds that Texas deliberately carved up Latino communities and …
ALEC’s Public Safety and Elections Task Force approved the “Voter ID Act” model legislation at its July 2009 Atlanta meeting, with final Board of Directors approval on August 27, 2009. The model bill was created in direct response to Barack Obama’s 2008 election victory and …
The Supreme Court upheld Indiana’s strict photo voter ID law in Crawford v. Marion County, ruling 6-3 that the state’s interest in preventing voter fraud and maintaining public confidence in elections justified the burden imposed on voters without qualifying identification. The decision …
The systematic politicization of the Department of Justice Voting Section under the Bush administration culminated in scandal and resignations as congressional investigations revealed that career civil rights attorneys had been replaced with partisan operatives who blocked voting rights enforcement …
President George W. Bush signed the Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006, extending Section 5 preclearance requirements for 25 years with overwhelming bipartisan support. The House passed the bill 390-33 and the Senate …
Throughout the 1990s, as the prison population exploded due to War on Drugs policies and “tough on crime” legislation, states expanded and entrenched felon disenfranchisement laws, creating a new form of mass voter exclusion that disproportionately impacted Black and Latino communities. …
President Clinton signed the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA), known as “Motor Voter,” requiring states to offer voter registration when citizens apply for driver’s licenses, at public assistance offices, and through mail-in registration. The law aimed to reverse decades of …
The Republican National Committee signed a consent decree in U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey prohibiting tactics that could intimidate Democratic voters, settling a lawsuit filed by the Democratic National Committee over the 1981 New Jersey gubernatorial election. In that …
President Reagan signed the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982, extending Section 5 preclearance requirements for 25 years and critically strengthening Section 2 by adopting a “results test” that made proving voting discrimination far easier. The legislation represented a major defeat …
President Gerald Ford signed the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1975, extending the VRA’s special provisions for seven years and dramatically expanding its scope to protect language minorities—including Latino, Asian American, Native American, and Alaska Native voters. The amendments …
President Nixon signed the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970, extending the VRA’s special provisions for another five years, banning literacy tests nationwide, and lowering the voting age to 18 for all elections. The legislation represented significant expansion of federal voting rights …
President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law, outlawing discriminatory voting practices that have disenfranchised millions of African Americans since Reconstruction. The legislation passes the Senate 77-19 on May 26 and the House 333-85 on July 9, overcoming a 24-day …
On March 11, 1965, Reverend James Reeb, a white Unitarian minister from Boston, died from injuries sustained two days earlier when he was attacked by white supremacists outside a Selma, Alabama restaurant. Reeb had answered Martin Luther King Jr.’s call for clergy to come to Selma following …
On March 7, 1965, approximately 600 voting rights activists began a march from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital of Montgomery to protest the killing of Jimmie Lee Jackson and the systematic denial of voting rights to Black citizens. Led by Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee chairman John …
President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment and public accommodations. The legislation passes only after defeating a 60-working-day filibuster led by the “Southern …
The 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified on January 23, 1964, abolishing the poll tax as it applies to primary elections leading to general elections for federal office. The poll tax—a fee required to vote—has been used primarily in Southern states since Reconstruction as a means of …
President Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, expanding on the 1957 Act by authorizing federal courts to appoint voting referees to register Black voters and imposing criminal penalties for obstruction of court orders. However, the law’s case-by-case approach and dependence on …
President Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first federal civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, establishing the Civil Rights Division within the Department of Justice and authorizing federal prosecutors to seek injunctions against interference with voting rights. However, …
The Supreme Court ruled 8-1 in Smith v. Allwright that Texas’s white primary system violated the Fifteenth Amendment, striking down one of the South’s most effective tools for excluding Black voters from meaningful political participation. The decision, argued by Thurgood Marshall for …
The Supreme Court unanimously struck down Oklahoma’s grandfather clause in Guinn v. United States, marking the first time the Court invalidated a state voting restriction as a Fifteenth Amendment violation since Reconstruction. Chief Justice Edward White, himself a former Confederate soldier …
The Supreme Court ruled 6-3 in Giles v. Harris that federal courts cannot enforce Black voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment, effectively sanctioning the wave of disenfranchisement sweeping the South. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., writing for the majority, acknowledged that …
The Alabama Constitutional Convention adopted a new state constitution explicitly designed to eliminate Black voting while maintaining white political supremacy through facially neutral provisions. Convention president John Knox declared in his opening address that the convention’s purpose was …
Armed white supremacists in Wilmington, North Carolina launched the only successful coup d’etat in American history, overthrowing the legally elected biracial government, murdering an estimated 60-300 Black citizens, and establishing one-party white Democratic rule that would persist for …