Trust-Formation

Sugar Trust Formation: Henry Havemeyer Consolidates 75% of Sugar Refining

| Importance: 8/10

On October 27, 1887, after two years of negotiations, Henry Osborne Havemeyer orchestrated the formation of the Sugar Refineries Company, commonly known as the “Sugar Trust,” consolidating 17 of the 23 sugar refinery companies operating in the United States. Havemeyer successfully …

Henry Osborne Havemeyer Sugar Refineries Company American Sugar Refining Company monopoly-power corporate-consolidation trust-formation price-fixing market-manipulation
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Standard Oil Trust Formed - First Modern Corporate Monopoly Structure

| Importance: 10/10

On January 2, 1882, John D. Rockefeller and 40 other investors signed the Standard Oil Trust Agreement, creating the first modern corporate monopoly structure that controlled 90% of American oil refining. The trust pooled securities from 40 companies under nine trustees—John and William Rockefeller, …

John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company Henry Flagler Samuel C. T. Dodd William Rockefeller corporate-power monopoly trust-formation gilded-age institutional-capture
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Standard Oil Attorney Develops Trust Legal Innovation to Circumvent Anti-Monopoly Laws

| Importance: 9/10

Samuel C. T. Dodd, chief attorney for Standard Oil Company, developed a revolutionary legal structure in 1879 that adapted the common law instrument of a trust to create the modern business trust, circumventing Ohio’s anti-trust laws and state restrictions on interstate corporate ownership. …

Samuel C. T. Dodd John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company corporate-power legal-innovation regulatory-evasion institutional-capture trust-formation
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