On Memorial Day, May 30, 1937, Chicago police open fire on peaceful union demonstrators outside Republic Steel Corporation’s South Chicago plant, killing ten people and wounding more than ninety in what becomes known as the Memorial Day Massacre. The police use tear gas, firearms, and clubs …
On February 25, 1901, J.P. Morgan incorporated the United States Steel Corporation with an authorized capitalization of $1.4 billion, creating the first billion-dollar corporation in history by purchasing Andrew Carnegie’s steel empire for approximately $480 million and consolidating it with …
On July 1, 1892, Andrew Carnegie consolidated his various steel operations into the Carnegie Steel Company, creating the largest and most profitable steel company in the world through complete vertical integration of the entire steel production chain. The company headquarters were located in the …
Andrew CarnegieHenry Clay FrickCarnegie Steel Companycorporate-powersteel-industryvertical-integrationgilded-agemonopoly
Andrew Carnegie opened the Edgar Thomson Steel Works in Braddock, Pennsylvania, in 1875, effectively introducing the Bessemer steelmaking process to the United States at industrial scale and launching his steel empire. Construction had begun in 1872, with the mill beginning rail production in 1874. …
Andrew CarnegieEdgar Thomson Steel Workscorporate-powersteel-industryvertical-integrationgilded-ageindustrial-consolidation