State-Action

State Loyalty Oaths Spread as California Passes Levering Act, Requires Public Employee Pledges

| Importance: 7/10

In 1950, California passed the Levering Act, requiring all state employees to sign a loyalty oath swearing they did not belong to organizations advocating overthrow of the government. The law followed a bitter fight at the University of California that had already fired 31 faculty members for …

California Legislature Earl Warren University of California Board of Regents American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) mccarthyism civil-liberties academic-freedom red-scare political-persecution +1 more
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