Slavery-Expansion

Lecompton Constitution Referendum Demonstrates Electoral Fraud in Service of Slavery Expansion

| Importance: 8/10

A fraudulent referendum on the Lecompton Constitution occurs in Kansas Territory, with pro-slavery forces manipulating the process to attempt forcing slavery on Kansas despite the Free-State majority. Free-State settlers refuse to participate in the June 1857 election for constitutional convention …

James Buchanan Stephen A. Douglas Pro-slavery delegates Border Ruffians Free-State settlers lecompton-constitution electoral-fraud slavery-expansion bleeding-kansas institutional-corruption +1 more
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Kansas-Nebraska Act Repeals Missouri Compromise, Triggering Violent Territorial Conflict

| Importance: 9/10

Congress passes and President Franklin Pierce signs the Kansas-Nebraska Act, creating the territories of Kansas and Nebraska while repealing the Missouri Compromise’s prohibition on slavery north of the 36°30’ parallel. The Act, drafted by Democratic Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, …

Stephen A. Douglas Franklin Pierce U.S. Congress Pro-slavery Border Ruffians Free-State settlers kansas-nebraska-act slavery-expansion popular-sovereignty bleeding-kansas legislative-corruption +1 more
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Free Soil Party Splits Democratic Vote, Demonstrating Slavery's Destruction of Party Unity

| Importance: 7/10

The 1848 presidential election takes place in the aftermath of the Mexican-American War and intense debates over the extension of slavery into the Mexican Cession. After both the Whig Party and the Democratic Party nominate presidential candidates who are unwilling to rule out the extension of …

Martin Van Buren Free Soil Party Democratic Party Whig Party Lewis Cass +1 more free-soil-party antislavery political-realignment sectional-conflict slavery-expansion
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Wilmot Proviso Triggers Sectional Crisis Over Slavery in Conquered Mexican Territory

| Importance: 9/10

On August 8, 1846, amidst the Mexican-American War, Democratic Congressman David Wilmot of Pennsylvania introduces an amendment to President James Polk’s $2 million appropriation bill for purchasing territory from Mexico, boldly declaring that “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude …

David Wilmot James K. Polk U.S. House of Representatives U.S. Senate Northern Democrats +1 more wilmot-proviso slavery-expansion sectional-conflict mexican-american-war territorial-expansion +1 more
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Mexican-American War Begins as Deliberate Land Grab for Slavery Expansion

| Importance: 9/10

President James K. Polk obtains a declaration of war against Mexico after deliberately provoking hostilities by sending American troops into disputed territory between the Nueces River (Mexico’s claimed boundary) and the Rio Grande (Texas’s claimed boundary) in January 1846. When Mexican …

James K. Polk U.S. Congress Mexico Whig Party opposition Abraham Lincoln mexican-american-war slavery-expansion land-grab manifest-destiny institutional-corruption +1 more
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Texas Annexed as Slave State Despite Nine Years of Antislavery Opposition

| Importance: 9/10

Congress admits Texas to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845, following a nine-year political struggle that delayed annexation due to opposition from antislavery forces. The annexation represents a clear victory for Slave Power expansion: Texas arrives as a vast slave-holding region …

James K. Polk John Tyler John C. Calhoun U.S. Congress Mexico +1 more slavery-expansion texas-annexation manifest-destiny sectional-conflict institutional-corruption +1 more
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Adams-Onís Treaty Acquires Florida Through Coerced Spanish Cession After Jackson's Unauthorized Invasion

| Importance: 7/10

Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish Minister Luis de Onís sign the Adams-Onís Treaty (also known as the Transcontinental Treaty or Florida Purchase Treaty) in Washington, D.C., under which Spain cedes Florida to the United States and establishes a boundary line extending to the Pacific …

Secretary of State John Quincy Adams Spanish Minister Luis de Onís President James Monroe General Andrew Jackson territorial-expansion imperial-coercion treaty-manipulation slavery-expansion
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