Segregation-Academies

IRS Tightens Private School Tax Exemption Rules Catalyzing Religious Right Political Mobilization

| Importance: 9/10

In August 1978, the IRS proposes new rules tightening tax-exempt status requirements for private elementary and secondary schools under IRC 501(c)(3) and begins holding hearings to determine whether segregated Christian academies should be eligible for tax exemption. The announcement triggers the …

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Paul Weyrich Richard Viguerie Bob Jones University Christian academies irs-policy religious-right-founding paul-weyrich segregation-academies conservative-mobilization
Read more →

IRS Adopts Non-Discrimination Policy for Private Schools After Court Order Targeting Segregation Academies

| Importance: 8/10

Following a 1969 Mississippi-based lawsuit against the IRS in which federal courts issue a preliminary injunction denying tax exemption to private schools that are segregated by race, the IRS adopts a non-discrimination policy applying to private schools on July 10, 1970. The policy, though it takes …

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Federal courts Civil rights organizations Bob Jones University irs-policy segregation-academies tax-exemption civil-rights-enforcement religious-right-origins
Read more →

Segregation Academies Proliferate as White Families Flee Integrated Public Schools With Public Subsidies

| Importance: 8/10

Between 1964 and 1975, as public schools in the Deep South begin to slowly desegregate through federal court orders, at least half a million white students are withdrawn from public schools nationwide to avoid mandatory desegregation. Private school enrollment across the South increases by more than …

White Citizens' Councils Southern state legislatures Jerry Falwell Sr. Private school founders segregation-academies white-flight private-school-subsidies religious-right-origins public-education-undermining
Read more →

Prince Edward County Virginia Closes All Public Schools for Five Years Rather Than Integrate

| Importance: 9/10

In June 1959, the Prince Edward County Board of Supervisors votes not to appropriate any money to operate public schools, choosing to close all public schools rather than comply with federal desegregation orders. The public schools in Prince Edward County remain closed from 1959 to 1964—the only …

Prince Edward County Board of Supervisors Prince Edward County School Board Virginia political establishment massive-resistance school-closure prince-edward-county segregation-academies educational-denial
Read more →