Resistance

Emancipation Proclamation Faces Violent Northern Resistance from Democrats and White Supremacists Fearing Labor Competition

| Importance: 9/10

Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect January 1, 1863, declares enslaved people in Confederate-held territory to be free, transforming the Civil War from a conflict to preserve the Union into a crusade against slavery. The proclamation faces immediate and violent opposition from …

Abraham Lincoln Northern Democrats Copperheads Frederick Douglass George McClellan emancipation racism copperheads resistance white-supremacy +1 more
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Amistad Captives Revolt and Win Freedom in Supreme Court, Exposing Slavery's Illegality

| Importance: 8/10

Fifty-three recently abducted Africans being transported aboard the Spanish schooner Amistad from Havana to Puerto Príncipe, Cuba revolt under the leadership of Joseph Cinqué, killing the captain and cook while sparing the Spanish navigator to sail them back to Sierra Leone. The Africans had been …

Joseph Cinqué Amistad captives John Quincy Adams Lewis Tappan U.S. Supreme Court slavery institutional-corruption resistance legal-victory international-law
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Denmark Vesey Plans Massive Charleston Slave Rebellion, Exposing Institutional Terror

| Importance: 8/10

Denmark Vesey, a free Black carpenter and Methodist leader who purchased his freedom in 1800 after winning a $1,500 lottery, allegedly plans the most extensive slave insurrection in U.S. history, organizing thousands of enslaved and free Blacks in Charleston, South Carolina to overthrow the …

Denmark Vesey African Methodist Episcopal Church Charleston authorities Enslaved conspirators slavery institutional-corruption slave-rebellion state-violence resistance
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Gabriel's Rebellion Plans Massive Slave Uprising in Virginia, Exposing System's Fragility

| Importance: 8/10

Gabriel, a 24-year-old enslaved blacksmith from Brookfield plantation in Henrico County, Virginia, plans to lead what may be the most extensive slave rebellion in American history up to that point, with an estimated several thousand participants prepared to seize Richmond, kill white inhabitants …

Gabriel James Monroe Virginia militia Enslaved conspirators slavery institutional-corruption slave-rebellion state-violence resistance
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