Price-Fixing

Sugar Trust Formation: Henry Havemeyer Consolidates 75% of Sugar Refining

1887-10-27 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 8/10

On October 27, 1887, after two years of negotiations, Henry Osborne Havemeyer orchestrated the formation of the Sugar Refineries Company, commonly known as the “Sugar Trust,” consolidating 17 of the 23 sugar refinery companies operating in the United States. Havemeyer successfully …

Henry Osborne Havemeyer Sugar Refineries Company American Sugar Refining Company monopoly-power corporate-consolidation trust-formation price-fixing market-manipulation

J.P. Morgan Yacht Meeting: Ending Railroad Competition Through Financial Coercion

1885-07-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 7/10

In 1885, J.P. Morgan invited leading railroad executives to a meeting aboard his yacht to address what he perceived as “ruinous competition” in the railroad industry. Morgan used the gathering to convince railroad magnates controlling major lines including the New York Central and …

J.P. Morgan New York Central Railroad Pennsylvania Railroad Railroad Executives price-fixing market-manipulation financial-coercion corporate-consolidation anti-competitive-practices