Patronage

Lincoln's Secretary of War Simon Cameron Resigns Amid Procurement Corruption and Contract Fraud Enabling Profiteering

| Importance: 8/10

Simon Cameron submits his resignation as Secretary of War on January 11, 1862 (remaining until January 20), amid investigations into War Department procurement irregularities and cabinet disagreements over emancipation policy and patronage distribution. Lincoln appointed Cameron, a Pennsylvania …

Simon Cameron Abraham Lincoln Edwin M. Stanton Alexander Cummings U.S. House of Representatives war-profiteering corruption government-contracts patronage accountability-failure
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Swartwout Embezzles $1.2 Million, Exposing Spoils System Corruption

| Importance: 8/10

Samuel Swartwout, Jackson’s political appointee as Collector of the Port of New York, absconds with $1,225,705.09 (equivalent to $36.2 million in 2024 dollars) after his term expires, fleeing to England in what becomes the most spectacular embezzlement scandal of the era. Swartwout, an old …

Samuel Swartwout Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren U.S. Treasury embezzlement spoils-system patronage kakistocracy financial-corruption +1 more
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Jackson Removes Federal Deposits to "Pet Banks" Selected Through Political Patronage, Not Financial Merit

| Importance: 8/10

President Andrew Jackson orders the removal of federal government deposits from the Second Bank of the United States and their redistribution to state-chartered banks derisively called “pet banks” because they are selected based on political loyalty rather than financial soundness. The …

Andrew Jackson Roger Taney Louis McLane William J. Duane U.S. Congress +1 more financial-manipulation institutional-corruption patronage jackson-era banking-system +1 more
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Andrew Jackson Inaugurates Spoils System, Replacing Merit with Political Loyalty

| Importance: 9/10

Upon assuming office in March 1829, President Andrew Jackson immediately implements the “spoils system,” sweeping employees from over 900 political offices—approximately 10 percent of all federal appointments—and replacing them with political supporters, friends, and relatives as rewards …

Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren William Marcy Federal civil servants spoils-system patronage kakistocracy institutional-corruption merit-bypass +1 more
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