Western Federation of Miners Founded After Coeur d'Alene Massacre
Hard rock miners establish the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) in Butte, Montana, as a direct response to the catastrophic defeat of the 1892 Coeur d’Alene strike in Idaho and the brutal military repression that followed. The WFM emerges from miners’ recognition that existing labor …
Western Federation of Miners
Butte miners
Coeur d'Alene strikers
Mining industry workers
labor-organizing
gilded-age
mining-industry
militant-unionism
wfm
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