Land-Theft

Dawes Allotment Act Destroys Tribal Land Ownership, Facilitating Loss of 90 Million Acres to White Settlers

1887-02-08 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 10/10

President Grover Cleveland signs the Dawes General Allotment Act (also called the Dawes Severalty Act), authorizing the President to subdivide Native American tribal communal landholdings into individual allotments for Native American heads of families and individuals. The Act represents a …

Senator Henry L. Dawes U.S. Congress President Grover Cleveland Bureau of Indian Affairs Five Civilized Tribes indigenous-genocide land-theft forced-assimilation tribal-sovereignty institutional-corruption

Congress Seizes Black Hills With Only 10% Sioux Consent, Violating Fort Laramie Treaty Requirement for 75% Approval

1877-02-28 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 10/10

Congress passes the Act of February 28, 1877, implementing an “agreement” signed by only 10 percent of adult male Sioux—far below the three-fourths (75%) threshold explicitly required by the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty for any cession of reservation lands. The Act strips over 7 million …

U.S. Congress Sioux Nation Lakota people President Ulysses S. Grant treaty-violations indigenous-genocide land-theft institutional-corruption congressional-capture

Custer's Black Hills Expedition Violates Fort Laramie Treaty, Discovering Gold and Triggering Rush to Sioux Sacred Lands

1874-07-02 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 9/10

Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer leads a 1,000-man military expedition into the Black Hills of South Dakota in direct violation of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty, which guaranteed the Sioux Nation “absolute and undisturbed use and occupancy” of all land west of the Missouri River …

Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer U.S. Army Sioux Nation Horatio Ross (prospector) President Ulysses S. Grant treaty-violations indigenous-genocide military-expansion gold-rush sacred-sites +1 more

Fort Laramie Treaty Guarantees Black Hills to Sioux in Perpetuity - Later Violated for Gold Rush

1868-04-29 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 9/10

The United States Government and the Sioux Nation sign the Fort Laramie Treaty, establishing the Great Sioux Reservation and guaranteeing the Sioux “absolute and undisturbed use and occupancy” of all present-day South Dakota west of the Missouri River, including the sacred Black Hills …

Sioux Nation U.S. Government Lakota people Red Cloud treaty-violations indigenous-rights land-theft institutional-corruption sacred-sites

California Land Act of 1851 Enables Systematic Legal Theft from Mexican Land Grant Holders

1851-03-03 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 8/10

Congress passes the California Land Act of 1851 (9 Stat. 631), sponsored by California Senator William M. Gwin, establishing a three-member Board of Land Commissioners to determine the validity of prior Spanish and Mexican land grants. The Act places the burden of proof of title on …

William M. Gwin U.S. Congress Board of Land Commissioners Californio landowners Anglo settlers +1 more california-land-act land-theft treaty-violation institutional-corruption legal-dispossession +1 more

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Promises Land Rights Then Enables Systematic Theft from Mexican Americans

1848-02-02 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 9/10

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed February 2, 1848, ends the Mexican-American War by forcing Mexico to cede 55 percent of its territory—including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming—to the United States for …

U.S. Senate Mexico Mexican Americans U.S. government Anglo settlers treaty-guadalupe-hidalgo land-theft mexican-american-war treaty-violation institutional-corruption +1 more