The EPA terminated all union contracts on August 8, 2025, immediately after the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals stayed a lower court injunction blocking Trump’s March executive order. EPA became the second federal agency (after VA) to cancel collective bargaining for its employees, affecting …
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)AFGE Council 238 (8,000+ EPA workers)Justin Chen (AFGE Council 238 President)Ninth Circuit Court of AppealsNAGE, ESC, NAIL unions+1 morelabor-suppressionepaunion-bustingcollective-bargainingappellate-stays+2 more
More than 750 Washington Post journalists and staff members staged a one-day strike on December 7, 2023—the first work stoppage at the paper in nearly 50 years—to protest stalled contract negotiations, planned layoffs of 240 workers, and management’s refusal to bargain in good faith. The …
Washington Post GuildJeff BezosPatty StonesiferWashington Postmedia-capturelabor-suppressionbillionaire-controlworker-organizing
Following grassroots organizing success at Buffalo stores in late 2021, Starbucks launches a systematic illegal union-busting campaign that generates over 500 unfair labor practice charges—likely the largest number facing any company in the 90-year history of the National Labor Relations Board. The …
StarbucksHoward SchultzStarbucks Workers UnitedNational Labor Relations BoardNLRB Administrative Law Judgeslabor-suppressionunion-bustingstarbucksnlrbillegal-retaliation+2 more
The Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis that employers can require workers to sign mandatory arbitration agreements waiving their right to join class action lawsuits over wage theft, discrimination, or other labor law violations. Justice Neil Gorsuch—a Federalist Society member …
Supreme CourtNeil GorsuchFederalist SocietyCorporate employersWorkerslabor-suppressionsupreme-courtarbitrationclass-actionjudicial-capture+1 more
By early 2017, 28 U.S. states have right-to-work laws, with eight traditionally industrial and union-strong states adopting the legislation since 2010 using American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) model legislation: Indiana and Michigan (2012), Wisconsin (2015), West Virginia (2016), and …
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Koch brothersAmericans for ProsperityU.S. Chamber of CommerceNational Association of Manufacturers+1 morelabor-suppressionalecright-to-workunion-bustingstate-capture+4 more
The Kentucky Legislature passes House Bill 1, an ALEC-inspired right-to-work measure, making Kentucky the 27th right-to-work state just one week into the 2017 legislative session. Governor Matt Bevin signs the legislation swiftly, fulfilling what ALEC describes as “one of the most repeated …
Matt BevinKentucky LegislatureAmerican Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Kentucky House Committeelabor-suppressionright-to-workaleckentuckyunion-busting+2 more
The West Virginia Legislature overrides Governor Earl Ray Tomblin’s veto of the “Workplace Freedom Act,” making West Virginia the 26th state to enact right-to-work legislation prohibiting mandatory union membership or fees. The override follows the coordinated Koch-backed playbook …
West Virginia LegislatureEarl Ray TomblinAmerican Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Koch NetworkState Policy Network+1 morelabor-suppressionright-to-workalecwest-virginiaunion-busting+2 more
Governor Scott Walker signs private sector right-to-work legislation at an invitation-only ceremony at Badger Meter in Brown Deer, making Wisconsin the 25th right-to-work state and completing the systematic destruction of union power in the state. After Act 10 (2011) eliminated collective bargaining …
Scott WalkerAmerican Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Scott FitzgeraldRobin VosWisconsin GOPlabor-suppressionalecright-to-workwisconsinunion-busting+2 more
Governor Rick Snyder signs sweeping anti-union legislation making Michigan—the birthplace of the United Auto Workers and a union stronghold—the 24th right-to-work state. The Michigan House and Senate ram through bills HB 4003 (public sector) and HB 4054/SB 116 (private sector) during a lame duck …
Rick SnyderAmerican Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Mackinac CenterMichigan GOPKoch brothers+3 morelabor-suppressionalecright-to-workmichiganunion-busting+3 more
Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels signs right-to-work legislation making Indiana the 23rd state and the first in the Rust Belt manufacturing region to prohibit mandatory union membership or fees as a condition of employment. The bill is sponsored by multiple ALEC members and follows ALEC’s model …
Mitch DanielsAmerican Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Indiana Republican PartyNational Right to Work CommitteeKoch brothers+1 morelabor-suppressionright-to-workalecmodel-legislationstate-capture+3 more
Governor Scott Walker signs Wisconsin Act 10, eliminating collective bargaining rights for most public employees and marking one of the most significant defeats for organized labor in modern American history. The legislation, introduced February 14, 2011, ends collective bargaining for everything …
Scott WalkerAmerican Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Wisconsin GOPKoch brothersAmericans for Prosperity+1 morelabor-suppressionalecunion-bustingwisconsincollective-bargaining+3 more
Following the 2010 Tea Party midterm elections that gave Republicans control of 26 state legislatures (gaining 675 state legislative seats), the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) holds its States and Nation Policy Summit in Washington, D.C., December 1-3, with the agenda focused on …
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Scott FitzgeraldKoch brothersAmericans for ProsperityRepublican Partylabor-suppressionalecright-to-workunion-bustingstate-capture+3 more
The American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) Board of Directors approves the “Paycheck Protection Act” in May 1998, following unanimous endorsement by ALEC’s Commerce, Insurance and Economic Development Task Force. The model legislation prohibits employees in both public and …
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Corporate donors (104 at $1M+)state Republican legislatorsScott Walkerlabor-suppressionalecunion-bustingcampaign-financepolitical-activity+3 more
United Food and Commercial Workers Local P-9 workers at Hormel’s flagship Austin, Minnesota plant strike against wage cuts from $10.69 to $8.25 per hour, seeking to maintain the meatpacking industry’s traditional “pattern bargaining” where major companies matched union wage …
HormelUnited Food and Commercial Workers Local P-9Austin Minnesota workersNational Guardlabor-suppressionstrike-breakingpermanent-replacementunion-bustingmeatpacking+1 more
On January 31, 1985, the Republican-controlled Idaho Legislature overrides Democratic Governor John Evans’ veto to enact so-called “Right-to-Work” legislation, making Idaho the 21st state to prohibit union security agreements that require workers to pay union dues or fees as a …
Idaho Republican PartyIdaho LegislatureGovernor John EvansIdaho Department of LaborMining unions+1 morelabor-suppressionright-to-workanti-unionwage-suppressionlegislative-capture
Over 2,000 copper miners strike against Phelps Dodge Corporation at its Morenci, Ajo, Douglas, and Bisbee operations in Arizona and El Paso refinery in Texas, seeking to maintain wages and benefits amid the company’s demand for concessions. Following Reagan’s PATCO precedent, Phelps …
Phelps Dodge CorporationUnited SteelworkersArizona minersNational Labor Relations Boardlabor-suppressionstrike-breakingpermanent-replacementunion-bustingmining+1 more
On October 6, 1979, Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker announced dramatic steps to combat inflation, fundamentally transforming monetary policy by switching from targeting interest rates to targeting the money supply. Appointed by President Jimmy Carter in August 1979 to replace William Miller, …
Paul VolckerJimmy Cartereconomic-policyfinancial-crisisneoliberalismlabor-suppression
After three decades of wages rising in tandem with productivity (1948-1979), the fundamental relationship between worker productivity and compensation breaks down completely beginning in 1979, marking the start of 45+ years of wage stagnation despite continued productivity growth. Between 1948-1979, …
American workersCorporate managementFederal ReserveBusiness Roundtablelabor-suppressionwage-stagnationproductivity-gapunion-declineinequality+1 more
Roger Blough, the 65-year-old retired chairman of U.S. Steel, founds the Construction Users Anti-Inflation Roundtable (CUAIR) in 1969, “affectionately known” as “Roger’s Roundtable,” with the explicit goal of breaking construction union power. Blough’s intention …
Roger BloughConstruction Users Anti-Inflation RoundtableU.S. SteelGeneral MotorsGeneral Electric+3 morebusiness-roundtable-precursoranti-unioncorporate-coordinationlabor-suppressionceo-coordination
Congress passes the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) in response to publicized corruption in the Teamsters, International Longshoremen’s Association, and United Mine Workers, imposing extensive federal oversight of union internal operations including …
U.S. CongressDepartment of LaborLabor unionsPhil LandrumLeo Griffinlabor-suppressionunion-restrictionslandrum-griffinregulatory-burdenlabor-law
The Republican-controlled Indiana General Assembly passes a right-to-work bill in March 1957 over the objections of Democrats, labor leaders, and workers, making Indiana one of the first northern industrial states to adopt such legislation. Time Magazine reports in its March 11, 1957 issue that …
Indiana General AssemblyRepublican PartyDemocratic PartyIndiana labor unionsNational Right to Work Committeeright-to-worklabor-suppressionstate-legislationunion-bustingdemocratic-resistance
Fred A. Hartley—co-sponsor of the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act that enabled state right-to-work laws—founds the National Right to Work Committee (NRTWC) as a coordinating organization for corporate anti-union lobbying efforts. The organization brings together “hard-core conservatives, anti-communist …
Fred A. HartleyNational Right to Work CommitteeCorporate fundersConservative donorslabor-suppressionright-to-workanti-union-lobbyingnrtwccorporate-funding
Congress passes the Communist Control Act of 1954, preventing members of the Communist Party from holding office in labor unions and other labor organizations. The legislation represents the culmination of systematic efforts to weaponize anti-communism against labor organizing, following the …
U.S. CongressDwight EisenhowerHouse Un-American Activities CommitteeAmerican Federation of LaborCongress of Industrial Organizationslabor-suppressionmccarthyismanti-communismred-scareunion-busting+1 more
A sophisticated anti-communist network coordinated by the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) and Chamber of Commerce reaches peak effectiveness in suppressing labor organizing during the early Cold War. The Hagley Museum and Library’s NAM collection contains extensive materials from …
National Association of ManufacturersChamber of CommerceAmerican LegionJ.B. MatthewsHearst Corporation+1 moreanti-communismlabor-suppressioncorporate-propagandared-scareunion-busting+1 more
The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) holds its eleventh annual convention in Cleveland and expels two member unions, the United Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers of America (UE) and the Farm Equipment Workers, for alleged “disloyalty to the CIO” and support for the …
Congress of Industrial OrganizationsPhilip MurrayWalter ReutherUnited Electrical, Radio and Machine WorkersFarm Equipment Workers+1 morelabor-suppressionred-scareanti-communismunion-bustingmccarthyism+1 more
Legislative aides and representatives from business and industry, particularly members of the National Association of Manufacturers, draft committee bill H.R. 3020 that becomes the Taft-Hartley Act during 1947, with Congressman Donald O’Toole of New York later revealing that the anti-union …
National Association of ManufacturersRobert TaftFred HartleyDonald O'TooleJoseph Ball+2 moretaft-hartleylabor-suppressioncorporate-lobbyingnamlegislative-capture+1 more
The National Association of Manufacturers launches a massive multi-faceted propaganda campaign in response to the unprecedented 1946 strike wave, when nearly 10 percent of the US workforce goes on strike including major actions by the United Auto Workers against General Motors, United Steel Workers …
National Association of ManufacturersNational Industrial Information CouncilGeneral MotorsU.S. SteelGeneral Electric+3 morepropagandalabor-suppressioncorporate-lobbyingnamunion-busting+1 more
Arkansas and Florida become the first two states to enact “right-to-work” laws on November 7, 1944, following campaigns led by Vance Muse and the Christian American Association that explicitly frame anti-union legislation as essential for maintaining racial segregation and Jim Crow labor …
Vance MuseChristian American AssociationArkansas Farm Bureau FederationSouthern oil companiesWilliam Ruggles+1 moreright-to-worklabor-suppressionstructural-racismanti-semitismjim-crow+1 more
Congress overrides President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s veto to pass the Smith-Connally Act (War Labor Disputes Act), which prohibits unions from making contributions in federal elections and empowers the federal government to seize industries threatened by strikes. The legislation is hurriedly …
Howard W. SmithTom ConnallyFranklin D. RooseveltCongress of Industrial OrganizationsUnited Mine Workers+1 morelabor-suppressioncampaign-financepolitical-action-committeesunion-bustingcongressional-action+1 more
Congress passes the Alien Registration Act, commonly known as the Smith Act after its sponsor Representative Howard W. Smith of Virginia, on June 28, 1940. The law makes it a criminal offense to “knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise, or teach the duty, necessity, desirability, or …
Howard W. SmithCongressDepartment of JusticeFranklin D. Rooseveltcivil-libertiesfirst-amendmentpolitical-persecutionred-scarelabor-suppression+1 more
The La Follette Civil Liberties Committee exposes and names the “Mohawk Valley Formula” in 1936-1937, documenting a systematic corporate strategy for breaking strikes and defeating union organizing campaigns that James Rand Jr., president of Remington Rand, developed during the 1936 …
Remington RandJames Rand Jr.National Association of ManufacturersLa Follette Committeecorporate managementunion-bustingcorporate-resistancelabor-suppressionpropagandawagner-act+1 more
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are executed by electric chair at Charlestown State Prison in Massachusetts at 12:19 AM, exactly seven years after their arrest. Despite worldwide protests, new evidence suggesting innocence, and widespread doubt about the fairness of their trial, Massachusetts …
Nicola SaccoBartolomeo VanzettiAlvin FullerA. Lawrence LowellWebster Thayercivil-libertieslabor-suppressionxenophobiajudicial-captureanarchism+1 more
The Supreme Court rules that the Journeymen Stone Cutters Association of North America violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by declaring stone from Bedford Cut Stone Company and 23 other Indiana limestone producers “unfair” and prohibiting its 5,000 members from working on buildings using …
George SutherlandU.S. Supreme CourtJourneymen Stone Cutters AssociationBedford Cut Stone Companylabor-suppressionjudicial-captureanti-unionantitrust
Major American corporations deployed company-sponsored unions, benefits programs, and internal grievance systems as sophisticated anti-union strategies during the peak of 1920s welfare capitalism. Rather than negotiating with outside union representatives, companies like Goodyear Tire and U.S. Steel …
Goodyear TireU.S. SteelNational Association of ManufacturersSamuel Gomperslabor-suppressioncorporate-captureanti-unioninstitutional-capture
The Supreme Court rules 7-2 in Gitlow v. New York to uphold Benjamin Gitlow’s conviction under New York’s Criminal Anarchy Act for publishing “The Left Wing Manifesto,” a socialist pamphlet advocating revolutionary mass action. Justice Edward Sanford’s majority opinion …
Edward SanfordBenjamin GitlowU.S. Supreme CourtOliver Wendell Holmescivil-libertiesfirst-amendmentred-scaresupreme-courtlabor-suppression
The Supreme Court unanimously reverses its 1922 Coronado decision, ruling that the United Mine Workers local union violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by conspiring to restrain interstate commerce in coal. After the Court’s first ruling favored the union by finding insufficient evidence of …
William Howard TaftU.S. Supreme CourtUnited Mine Workers of AmericaCoronado Coal Companylabor-suppressionjudicial-captureanti-unionantitrust
The National Industrial Conference Board (NICB), founded in 1916, reaches peak influence during the 1920s as the research and propaganda arm of corporate America’s campaign against labor organizing. Working alongside the National Association of Manufacturers and U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the …
National Industrial Conference BoardNational Association of ManufacturersU.S. Chamber of CommerceAmerican Plan Associationpropagandalabor-suppressioncorporate-influenceinstitutional-capturepublic-relations
The Supreme Court rules 5-3 in Adkins v. Children’s Hospital that a 1918 federal law establishing a minimum wage board for women and minors in the District of Columbia violates the Fifth Amendment’s guarantee of “liberty of contract.” Justice George Sutherland, writing for …
George SutherlandU.S. Supreme CourtChildren's HospitalWillie Lyonsjudicial-capturelabor-suppressionsupreme-courtlochner-era
Attorney General Harry Daugherty secured a sweeping federal injunction that prohibited virtually any action by railway shop craft workers in furtherance of the largest railway strike in U.S. history. The 1922 strike involved hundreds of thousands of workers fighting wage reductions ordered by the …
Harry DaughertyWarren G. HardingRailroad Labor Boardlabor-suppressionjudicial-captureexecutive-corruptionanti-union
The Supreme Court rules in United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co. that unincorporated labor unions can be sued in federal court as legal entities, establishing a precedent that exposes unions to potentially devastating civil liability. The case arises from Arkansas’s Sebastian County Union …
William Howard TaftU.S. Supreme CourtUnited Mine Workers of AmericaCoronado Coal Companylabor-suppressionjudicial-captureanti-unionantitrust
The Supreme Court rules 8-1 in Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. (the Child Labor Tax Case) that the Revenue Act of 1919, which imposed a 10 percent excise tax on profits of companies employing children under age 14, violates the Tenth Amendment. Chief Justice William Howard Taft declares the tax …
William Howard TaftU.S. Supreme CourtU.S. CongressDrexel Furniture Companyjudicial-capturelabor-suppressioncorporate-powersupreme-courtchild-labor
The Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Truax v. Corrigan that an Arizona law prohibiting state courts from issuing injunctions against peaceful labor picketing violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Chief Justice William Howard Taft, writing for the majority, holds that the Arizona …
William Howard TaftU.S. Supreme CourtArizona State Legislaturelabor-suppressionjudicial-captureanti-unionsupreme-court
On August 25, 1921, nearly 13,000 armed coal miners began marching from Marmet, West Virginia, toward Logan County to challenge the oppressive company town system that had kept them in wage slavery for decades, triggering the largest armed uprising in the United States since the Civil War. The …
United Mine Workers of AmericaSheriff Don ChafinBaldwin-Felts Detective AgencyPresident Warren Hardinglabor-suppressionstate-violencecorporate-violencefederal-intervention
President Warren G. Harding signs the Emergency Quota Act (also called the Emergency Immigration Act or Johnson Quota Act), establishing for the first time numerical limits on immigration to the United States based on national origin. The law restricts annual immigration from any country to 3% of …
Warren G. HardingAlbert JohnsonU.S. CongressImmigration Restriction Leagueimmigration-policyxenophobiainstitutional-capturelabor-suppressionnativism
The Supreme Court rules 6-3 in Duplex Printing Press Co. v. Deering that the Clayton Act’s supposed protections for labor organizing do not prevent federal courts from enjoining union boycotts. Justice Mahlon Pitney holds that Section 20 of the Clayton Act, which labor had celebrated in 1914 …
Mahlon PitneyU.S. Supreme CourtInternational Association of MachinistsDuplex Printing Press Companylabor-suppressionjudicial-captureantitrustsupreme-courtclayton-act
Business leaders including Henry Clay Frick, Judge Elbert Gary, and John D. Rockefeller Jr. launched a coordinated campaign to roll back labor gains by promoting the “open shop” as patriotic while branding union membership as “un-American.” Meeting in Chicago in 1921, …
National Association of ManufacturersChamber of CommerceU.S. SteelHenry Clay FrickElbert Gary+1 morelabor-suppressioncorporate-captureanti-unionsystematic-corruption
Italian immigrant anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are arrested in Brockton, Massachusetts, on streetcar robbery charges that will be escalated to murder charges in connection with a payroll robbery in South Braintree that left two men dead. The arrests occur at the height of the …
Nicola SaccoBartolomeo VanzettiFrederick KatzmannWebster ThayerDepartment of Justicecivil-libertieslabor-suppressionxenophobiajudicial-capturered-scare+1 more
The American Legion holds its founding convention in Minneapolis on Armistice Day 1919, emerging as a major force in the Red Scare and anti-labor campaigns of the 1920s. Founded by Army officers including Theodore Roosevelt Jr. and Hamilton Fish III in Paris earlier that year, the organization …
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.Hamilton Fish IIIGeorge WhiteAmerican Legionlabor-suppressioninstitutional-captureanti-communismcorporate-influenceveterans
The U.S. Department of Justice began a series of raids on November 7—a date selected to coincide with the anniversary of the Russian Revolution—to capture and arrest suspected socialists, especially anarchists and communists, and deport them from the United States. The Russian Revolution in 1917 and …
A. Mitchell PalmerJ. Edgar HooverU.S. Department of JusticeEmma GoldmanAlexander Berkman+1 morered-scarestate-repressionlabor-suppressionfbideportations
On September 22, 1919, the American Federation of Labor launched a massive strike against the U.S. steel industry after 98 percent of workers voted to walk out, shutting down half the industry including mills in Pueblo, Chicago, Wheeling, Johnstown, Cleveland, Lackawanna, and Youngstown. The AFL had …
American Federation of LaborUnited States Steel CorporationElbert H. GaryAttorney General A. Mitchell PalmerJ. Edgar Hooverlabor-suppressionstate-surveillancepropaganda