Indigenous-Genocide

Wounded Knee Massacre - U.S. 7th Cavalry Kills 250+ Lakota, Primarily Women and Children, Ending Ghost Dance Movement

1890-12-29 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 10/10

The U.S. Army’s 7th Cavalry surrounds a band of Lakota Sioux Ghost Dancers under Chief Big Foot near Wounded Knee Creek on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota and massacres over 250 Lakota people, primarily unarmed women, children, and elders. The 7th Cavalry—the same unit …

U.S. 7th Cavalry Big Foot (Lakota Chief) Sitting Bull Lakota Sioux War Department indigenous-genocide military-atrocities ghost-dance religious-persecution war-crimes

Dawes Allotment Act Destroys Tribal Land Ownership, Facilitating Loss of 90 Million Acres to White Settlers

1887-02-08 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 10/10

President Grover Cleveland signs the Dawes General Allotment Act (also called the Dawes Severalty Act), authorizing the President to subdivide Native American tribal communal landholdings into individual allotments for Native American heads of families and individuals. The Act represents a …

Senator Henry L. Dawes U.S. Congress President Grover Cleveland Bureau of Indian Affairs Five Civilized Tribes indigenous-genocide land-theft forced-assimilation tribal-sovereignty institutional-corruption

Carlisle Indian Industrial School Opens With "Kill the Indian, Save the Man" Mission of Cultural Genocide

1879-10-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 9/10

Lieutenant Richard Henry Pratt opens the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania under U.S. government authorization, establishing the blueprint for more than 400 federal Indian boarding schools nationwide designed to forcibly assimilate Native American children through cultural …

Lieutenant Richard Henry Pratt U.S. Government War Department Bureau of Indian Affairs indigenous-genocide cultural-genocide forced-assimilation institutional-abuse boarding-schools

Congress Seizes Black Hills With Only 10% Sioux Consent, Violating Fort Laramie Treaty Requirement for 75% Approval

1877-02-28 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 10/10

Congress passes the Act of February 28, 1877, implementing an “agreement” signed by only 10 percent of adult male Sioux—far below the three-fourths (75%) threshold explicitly required by the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty for any cession of reservation lands. The Act strips over 7 million …

U.S. Congress Sioux Nation Lakota people President Ulysses S. Grant treaty-violations indigenous-genocide land-theft institutional-corruption congressional-capture

Custer's Black Hills Expedition Violates Fort Laramie Treaty, Discovering Gold and Triggering Rush to Sioux Sacred Lands

1874-07-02 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 9/10

Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer leads a 1,000-man military expedition into the Black Hills of South Dakota in direct violation of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty, which guaranteed the Sioux Nation “absolute and undisturbed use and occupancy” of all land west of the Missouri River …

Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer U.S. Army Sioux Nation Horatio Ross (prospector) President Ulysses S. Grant treaty-violations indigenous-genocide military-expansion gold-rush sacred-sites +1 more

Sand Creek Massacre - Colorado Militia Slaughters 150 Peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho Under Protection Flag

1864-11-29 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 10/10

A 675-man force of the Third Colorado Cavalry under the command of U.S. Volunteers Colonel John Chivington attacks and destroys a peaceful village of approximately 500 Cheyenne and Arapaho people camped at Sand Creek in southeastern Colorado Territory. The village, consisting of around 100 lodges …

Colonel John Chivington Third Colorado Cavalry Black Kettle (Cheyenne Chief) Colorado Territory Captain Silas Soule +1 more indigenous-genocide war-crimes military-atrocities impunity institutional-corruption

California Legislature Begins Funding State Militia Expeditions for Indigenous Genocide

1850-04-22 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 9/10

California achieves statehood on September 9, 1850, and the newly formed state legislature immediately begins authorizing and funding militia expeditions explicitly designed to kill Indigenous Californians and drive them from their ancestral lands. Between 1850 and 1861, California governors call …

California State Legislature California governors State militia Indigenous Californians U.S. Congress indigenous-genocide state-violence california-genocide institutional-corruption ethnic-cleansing

California Gold Rush Triggers Genocide, Lawlessness, and Massive Land Fraud

1848-01-24 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 9/10

Gold is discovered at Sutter’s Mill in Coloma, California on January 24, 1848, triggering a massive influx of settlers and creating conditions for genocide against Indigenous Californians, systematic land fraud against Mexican land grant holders, and a lawless environment exhibiting all …

California settlers Mexican land grant holders Indigenous Californians U.S. military government Gold prospectors california-gold-rush indigenous-genocide land-fraud resource-curse institutional-corruption +1 more

Manifest Destiny Ideology Provides Racist Justification for Territorial Conquest and Indigenous Genocide

1845-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 8/10

John L. O’Sullivan coins the term “Manifest Destiny” in 1845 to describe the expansionist belief that American settlers are destined to expand westward across North America, and that this expansion is both obvious (manifest) and certain (destiny). The ideology is rooted in American …

John L. O'Sullivan James K. Polk U.S. government Indigenous peoples Anglo-American settlers manifest-destiny indigenous-genocide territorial-expansion white-nationalism ideology +1 more