Education

Department of Justice Eliminates 50-Year-Old Disparate Impact Standard from Civil Rights Enforcement, Requiring Proof of Intentional Discrimination

| Importance: 10/10

The Department of Justice issued a final rule eliminating disparate impact liability from Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, ending five decades of civil rights protections that allowed enforcement against policies producing racially discriminatory outcomes without proof of discriminatory …

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Trump Appoints Nicholas Kent, For-Profit College Insider, as Education Under Secretary

| Importance: 8/10

Nicholas Kent, formerly a policy officer at for-profit college association CECU, was sworn in as Under Secretary of Education, signaling potential deregulation and reduced oversight of higher education institutions. The Senate confirmed his nomination with a narrow 50-45 vote, amid concerns about …

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Supreme Court Ends Affirmative Action in College Admissions in Students for Fair Admissions Decisions

| Importance: 9/10

Supreme Court ruled 6-3 (Harvard) and 6-2 (UNC) that race-conscious admissions policies at Harvard and University of North Carolina violate the Equal Protection Clause, effectively ending affirmative action in higher education nationwide. Chief Justice Roberts authored the majority opinion, joined …

Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Justice Clarence Thomas Justice Samuel Alito Justice Neil Gorsuch +11 more supreme-court judicial-capture civil-rights education racial-justice +1 more
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Varsity Blues mastermind Rick Singer sentenced to 3.5 years, $19M forfeiture

| Importance: 8/10

Rick Singer, mastermind of the $25 million Varsity Blues college admissions fraud scheme, received 3.5 years in prison despite prosecutors requesting 6 years. Singer pleaded guilty in March 2019 to racketeering conspiracy, money laundering, conspiracy to defraud the US, and obstruction of justice. …

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Espinoza v. Montana - Supreme Court Strikes Down State Bans on Religious School Funding

| Importance: 8/10

On June 30, 2020, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue that states cannot exclude religious schools from programs that provide public funding to private schools, striking down Montana’s “Blaine Amendment” and similar provisions in 37 state …

Chief Justice John Roberts Justice Clarence Thomas Justice Samuel Alito Institute for Justice Becket Fund for Religious Liberty education supreme-court religious-schools vouchers establishment-clause +2 more
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Operation Varsity Blues indicts 50 in largest college admissions fraud scheme

| Importance: 9/10

Federal prosecutors unveiled Operation Varsity Blues, the largest college admissions fraud case ever prosecuted, charging 50 people including wealthy parents and university coaches. Mastermind Rick Singer ran a $25 million bribery scheme (2011-2018) through his firm The Key, facilitating fraudulent …

Rick Singer Lori Loughlin Felicity Huffman U.S. Attorney Andrew Lelling FBI fraud corruption education institutional-capture wealth-inequality
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Janus v. AFSCME - Supreme Court Strikes Down Public Sector Union Fees, Targeting Teachers' Unions

| Importance: 9/10

On June 27, 2018, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in Janus v. AFSCME that public-sector unions cannot collect “fair share” fees from non-members to cover the costs of collective bargaining, overturning the Court’s 1977 precedent in Abood v. Detroit Board of Education. The decision, …

Justice Samuel Alito Justice Neil Gorsuch National Right to Work Foundation State Policy Network Bradley Foundation +3 more education labor supreme-court teachers-unions right-to-work +2 more
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Betsy DeVos Blocks Debt Relief for 200,000 Defrauded For-Profit College Students Despite Career Staff Recommendations

| Importance: 9/10

Education Secretary Betsy DeVos systematically blocked debt relief for over 200,000 students defrauded by for-profit colleges, overruling internal Education Department career staff who had recommended full loan forgiveness. Internal memos from the department’s Borrower Defense Unit dated …

Betsy DeVos U.S. Department of Education Corinthian Colleges ITT Technical Institute regulatory-capture predatory-lending education student-debt consumer-protection +1 more
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Oklahoma Governor Signs HB 1749 Banning State Payroll Deductions for Teachers Union Dues Despite Technical Flaws

| Importance: 6/10

On May 6, 2015, Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin signed House Bill 1749 into law, prohibiting state agencies from making payroll deductions for membership dues to public employee associations that engage in collective bargaining. The legislation, which took effect November 1, 2015, specifically …

Governor Mary Fallin Oklahoma Legislature Oklahoma Education Association American Federation of Teachers Oklahoma Representative Tom Newell +1 more union-busting teachers-unions alec labor-rights collective-bargaining +1 more
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Corinthian Colleges Files Bankruptcy After Federal Crackdown on For-Profit College Fraud

| Importance: 9/10

Corinthian Colleges, one of the nation’s largest for-profit college chains with over 100 campuses, filed for bankruptcy after federal and state regulators exposed systematic fraud against students. The company aggressively recruited low-income students with false promises of high job placement …

Corinthian Colleges U.S. Department of Education Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) Association of Private Sector Colleges and Universities (APSCU) predatory-lending education student-debt corporate-fraud regulatory-capture +1 more
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Senate Harkin Report Documents Massive Fraud and Abuse in For-Profit College Industry

| Importance: 8/10

On July 30, 2012, the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee released the Harkin Report, a devastating two-year investigation documenting systematic fraud, abuse, and taxpayer exploitation in the for-profit college industry. The 2,000-page report, based on subpoenaed …

Senator Tom Harkin Senate HELP Committee University of Phoenix Corinthian Colleges ITT Tech +3 more education for-profit-colleges fraud student-debt regulatory-failure +1 more
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Race to the Top Competition Uses Federal Funds to Incentivize Charter Expansion and Teacher Evaluation Reforms

| Importance: 8/10

On July 24, 2009, the Obama administration announced Race to the Top (RttT), a $4.35 billion competitive grant program that would profoundly reshape American education policy by requiring states to adopt charter school expansion, test-based teacher evaluations, and Common Core standards as …

President Barack Obama Secretary of Education Arne Duncan Bill Gates Gates Foundation Democrats for Education Reform +1 more education charter-schools teacher-evaluation obama-administration neoliberal-reform +1 more
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DC Opportunity Scholarship Program - First Federally-Funded School Voucher System

| Importance: 7/10

On January 22, 2004, President George W. Bush signed the DC School Choice Incentive Act, creating the DC Opportunity Scholarship Program (OSP)—the first federally-funded private school voucher program in American history. Congress used its constitutional authority over the District of Columbia to …

President George W. Bush Speaker Dennis Hastert Senator Judd Gregg DC Public Schools Heritage Foundation +1 more education vouchers privatization federal-policy washington-dc
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Grutter v. Bollinger - Supreme Court Upholds Affirmative Action but Sets 25-Year Limit

| Importance: 8/10

On June 23, 2003, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in Grutter v. Bollinger that the University of Michigan Law School’s race-conscious admissions policy did not violate the Equal Protection Clause, upholding the principle that diversity in higher education constitutes a compelling government …

Justice Sandra Day O'Connor Justice Clarence Thomas University of Michigan Law School Lee Bollinger Center for Individual Rights education supreme-court affirmative-action civil-rights diversity
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Zelman v. Simmons-Harris - Supreme Court Upholds School Vouchers for Religious Schools

| Importance: 8/10

On June 27, 2002, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in Zelman v. Simmons-Harris that Cleveland’s school voucher program did not violate the Establishment Clause, even though 96% of voucher students attended religious schools. The decision, authored by Chief Justice William Rehnquist, removed the …

Chief Justice William Rehnquist Justice Sandra Day O'Connor Justice Clarence Thomas Institute for Justice Clint Bolick +1 more education supreme-court vouchers religious-schools establishment-clause +1 more
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No Child Left Behind Act Creates Testing-Industrial Complex and Punitive Accountability Regime

| Importance: 8/10

On January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) into law at Hamilton High School in Hamilton, Ohio, with bipartisan fanfare that masked the legislation’s deeply destructive effects on public education. Co-sponsored by Senator Ted Kennedy and …

President George W. Bush Senator Ted Kennedy Representative John Boehner Pearson Education ETS +1 more education testing privatization corporate-capture bipartisan-consensus +1 more
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ALEC's 'Environmental Literacy Improvement Act' Mandates Teaching Climate Denial in Schools

| Importance: 8/10

On May 5, 2000, the American Legislative Exchange Council’s (ALEC) Natural Resources Task Force adopted the ‘Environmental Literacy Improvement Act’ at ALEC’s Spring Task Force Summit, with full approval by ALEC’s Board of Directors in June 2000. The model bill was …

American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) Sandy Liddy Bourne Heartland Institute Koch Industries ExxonMobil +4 more alec climate-denial education disinformation model-legislation +3 more
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Higher Education Act Reauthorization Loosens Regulations, Enables For-Profit College Explosion

| Importance: 7/10

On October 7, 1998, President Bill Clinton signed the Higher Education Amendments of 1998, a reauthorization of the Higher Education Act that loosened regulations on for-profit colleges and set the stage for the industry’s explosive growth over the following decade. The legislation represented …

President Bill Clinton Congress Apollo Group (University of Phoenix) Career Education Corporation Higher education lobbyists education for-profit-colleges student-debt regulatory-capture deregulation
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Minnesota Enacts First Charter School Law, Creating Template for Education Privatization

| Importance: 8/10

On June 4, 1991, Minnesota Governor Arne Carlson signed the nation’s first charter school law, creating a new category of publicly funded but independently operated schools that would transform American education over the following three decades. The legislation, championed by the Citizens …

Governor Arne Carlson Minnesota Legislature Citizens League Ted Kolderie Joe Nathan education charter-schools privatization school-choice model-legislation
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Milwaukee Parental Choice Program Creates First Publicly-Funded Private School Vouchers

| Importance: 8/10

On March 27, 1990, Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson signed legislation creating the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program (MPCP), the nation’s first publicly-funded voucher program allowing public tax dollars to pay private school tuition. The program, initially limited to 1,000 low-income …

Governor Tommy Thompson Representative Polly Williams Bradley Foundation Milwaukee Public Schools education vouchers privatization school-choice milwaukee +1 more
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A Nation at Risk Report Launches Education Reform Industry, Lays Groundwork for Privatization

| Importance: 8/10

On April 26, 1983, the National Commission on Excellence in Education released “A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform,” a report that fundamentally reshaped American education discourse and laid the ideological groundwork for decades of privatization efforts. The …

National Commission on Excellence in Education Secretary of Education Terrel Bell Ronald Reagan Heritage Foundation education privatization reagan-era manufactured-crisis school-choice +1 more
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Milliken v. Bradley - Supreme Court Blocks Cross-District School Desegregation, Entrenches White Flight

| Importance: 9/10

On July 25, 1974, the Supreme Court issued its 5-4 ruling in Milliken v. Bradley, effectively ending meaningful school desegregation efforts across metropolitan America by prohibiting cross-district busing remedies to address urban-suburban segregation. The decision exempted wealthy white suburbs …

Chief Justice Warren Burger Justice Thurgood Marshall U.S. Supreme Court NAACP Legal Defense Fund Detroit Public Schools education supreme-court segregation housing-policy judicial-capture +2 more
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San Antonio v. Rodriguez - Supreme Court Upholds Property Tax School Funding, Entrenches Inequality

| Importance: 9/10

On March 21, 1973, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez that the Texas school finance system—which relied on local property taxes and created vast spending disparities between wealthy and poor districts—did not violate the Equal Protection Clause. The …

Justice Lewis Powell Justice Thurgood Marshall Demetrio Rodriguez Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund U.S. Supreme Court education supreme-court funding-inequality civil-rights property-tax +1 more
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act Establishes Federal Role in Education Funding

| Importance: 8/10

On April 11, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) at the Junction Elementary School in Stonewall, Texas, where he had attended as a child. The landmark legislation established the first comprehensive federal investment in K-12 education, …

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Prince Edward County Virginia Closes Entire Public School System for Five Years Rather Than Integrate

| Importance: 9/10

On June 26, 1959, the Prince Edward County, Virginia Board of Supervisors refused to appropriate funds to the County School Board, effectively closing the entire public school system rather than comply with federal court orders to integrate. This action represented the most extreme manifestation of …

Prince Edward County Board of Supervisors Virginia General Assembly Harry Byrd civil-rights institutional-racism massive-resistance education democratic-erosion
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