Corporate-Interests

Lewis Powell Sworn in as Supreme Court Justice, Begins Implementing Corporate Blueprint

| Importance: 9/10

Lewis F. Powell Jr. was sworn in as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on January 7, 1972, after being nominated by President Nixon and confirmed by the Senate with an overwhelming 89-1 vote. A corporate lawyer with board memberships in 11 major corporations, Powell’s appointment …

Lewis F. Powell Jr. Richard Nixon Supreme Court U.S. Senate powell-supreme-court judicial-capture corporate-interests constitutional-interpretation nixon-administration
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Federal-Aid Highway Act Creates Interstate System, Enables Destruction of Black Urban Neighborhoods

| Importance: 9/10

On June 29, 1956, President Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, creating the Interstate Highway System—the largest public works project in American history. While celebrated as an engineering triumph, the $25 billion program (equivalent to over $300 billion today) systematically …

Dwight D. Eisenhower U.S. Congress Bureau of Public Roads General Motors American Petroleum Institute +2 more infrastructure institutional-racism urban-renewal corporate-interests automotive-industry
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Housing Act of 1954 Expands Urban Renewal, Intensifies Destruction of Black Communities

| Importance: 7/10

On August 2, 1954, President Eisenhower signed the Housing Act of 1954, dramatically expanding the urban renewal program that had begun with the 1949 Housing Act. The law introduced the “workable program” requirement for federal funds, mandated comprehensive planning, and provided new …

Dwight D. Eisenhower U.S. Congress Urban Renewal Administration Real estate industry Robert Moses institutional-racism urban-renewal housing-policy displacement corporate-interests
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CIA Operation PBSUCCESS Overthrows Guatemalan Democracy, Protects United Fruit Company Interests

| Importance: 9/10

On June 27, 1954, democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz resigned under pressure from a CIA-orchestrated coup known as Operation PBSUCCESS. The intervention, designed primarily to protect United Fruit Company’s vast landholdings, inaugurated decades of military dictatorship, …

Central Intelligence Agency Allen Dulles John Foster Dulles United Fruit Company Jacobo Arbenz +3 more intelligence-overreach foreign-intervention corporate-interests banana-republic cold-war +1 more
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Bricker Amendment Fails by One Vote, Conservative Attempt to Limit Treaty Power Defeated

| Importance: 6/10

On February 26, 1954, the United States Senate rejected the Bricker Amendment, a proposed constitutional amendment that would have severely limited the President’s treaty-making power. The amendment, backed by conservative Republicans and corporate groups including the American Bar Association …

John Bricker Dwight D. Eisenhower American Bar Association U.S. Senate American Medical Association +1 more isolationism congressional-action constitutional-amendment cold-war corporate-interests
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CIA Operation Ajax Overthrows Democratic Iranian Government, Installs Shah Dictatorship

| Importance: 9/10

On August 19, 1953, the CIA executed Operation Ajax (known to the British as Operation Boot), a covert action that overthrew Iran’s democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh and restored authoritarian power to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The coup marked the first time the CIA …

Central Intelligence Agency Kermit Roosevelt Jr. Allen Dulles John Foster Dulles Mohammad Mosaddegh +4 more intelligence-overreach foreign-intervention oil-industry corporate-interests authoritarian-support +1 more
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