Congressional-Action

Army-McCarthy Hearings Begin as Military Charges Senator with Improper Pressure for Aide

| Importance: 8/10

On April 22, 1954, the Army-McCarthy hearings began—36 days of televised proceedings that exposed Senator Joseph McCarthy’s methods to a national audience and began his political downfall. The hearings were triggered by the Army’s March 11 report charging McCarthy and his chief counsel …

Joseph McCarthy Roy Cohn Robert Stevens Joseph Welch G. David Schine +2 more mccarthyism congressional-action military-politics political-theater institutional-resistance
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Bricker Amendment Fails by One Vote, Conservative Attempt to Limit Treaty Power Defeated

| Importance: 6/10

On February 26, 1954, the United States Senate rejected the Bricker Amendment, a proposed constitutional amendment that would have severely limited the President’s treaty-making power. The amendment, backed by conservative Republicans and corporate groups including the American Bar Association …

John Bricker Dwight D. Eisenhower American Bar Association U.S. Senate American Medical Association +1 more isolationism congressional-action constitutional-amendment cold-war corporate-interests
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McCarran Internal Security Act Passes Over Truman Veto, Requires Communist Registration

| Importance: 8/10

President Harry Truman vetoes the Internal Security Act of 1950 (McCarran Act) on September 22, 1950, sending Congress a lengthy veto message criticizing specific provisions as “the greatest danger to freedom of speech, press, and assembly since the Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798,” a …

Pat McCarran Karl Mundt Harry Truman Hubert Humphrey U.S. Congress +4 more mccarthyism red-scare congressional-action civil-liberties huac +1 more
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National Association of Manufacturers Drafts Taft-Hartley Act "Sentence by Sentence, Paragraph by Paragraph"

| Importance: 9/10

Legislative aides and representatives from business and industry, particularly members of the National Association of Manufacturers, draft committee bill H.R. 3020 that becomes the Taft-Hartley Act during 1947, with Congressman Donald O’Toole of New York later revealing that the anti-union …

National Association of Manufacturers Robert Taft Fred Hartley Donald O'Toole Joseph Ball +2 more taft-hartley labor-suppression corporate-lobbying nam legislative-capture +1 more
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Smith-Connally Act Criminalizes Union Political Contributions, Spawns First PACs

| Importance: 8/10

Congress overrides President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s veto to pass the Smith-Connally Act (War Labor Disputes Act), which prohibits unions from making contributions in federal elections and empowers the federal government to seize industries threatened by strikes. The legislation is hurriedly …

Howard W. Smith Tom Connally Franklin D. Roosevelt Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers +1 more labor-suppression campaign-finance political-action-committees union-busting congressional-action +1 more
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Senate Passes 19th Amendment Sending Women's Suffrage to States for Ratification

| Importance: 9/10

On June 4, 1919, the U.S. Senate voted in favor of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, which stated that “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” The Senate vote came nearly 18 months …

U.S. Senate U.S. House of Representatives Woodrow Wilson National American Woman Suffrage Association National Woman's Party womens-suffrage constitutional-amendment democratic-expansion congressional-action
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