Black, Manafort & Stone lobbying firm founded, nicknamed 'Torturers' Lobby'

| Importance: 8/10 | Status: confirmed

Republican operatives Charlie Black, Paul Manafort, and Roger Stone founded Black, Manafort & Stone in 1980, pioneering the modern lobbying industry. The firm became infamous as the ‘Torturers’ Lobby’ for representing dictators including Ferdinand Marcos, Mobutu Sese Seko, and Jonas Savimbi. A 1992 Center for Public Integrity report detailed how the firm earned millions whitewashing brutal regimes while maintaining close ties to Republican administrations, with Donald Trump as their first client.

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