William J. Simmons

KKK Revived at Stone Mountain Cross Burning: Simmons Coordinates with Birth of a Nation Premiere

| Importance: 9/10

William J. Simmons, a preacher and promoter of fraternal orders, led a group up Stone Mountain outside Atlanta and burned a large cross, marking the official rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan and beginning a new era of organized white supremacist terrorism. Simmons carefully coordinated the KKK revival …

William J. Simmons Ku Klux Klan D.W. Griffith racial-politics white-supremacy kkk domestic-terrorism cultural-capture
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Leo Frank Lynched by Antisemitic Mob After Governor Commutes Sentence: Only Jewish Lynching in U.S. History

| Importance: 8/10

Thirty-one-year-old Leo Frank, a Jewish factory superintendent, was kidnapped from prison in Milledgeville, Georgia, and lynched by an antisemitic mob calling themselves “The Knights of Mary Phagan”—the only Jewish lynching in U.S. history. In spring 1913, thirteen-year-old Mary Phagan, …

Leo Frank William J. Simmons Knights of Mary Phagan Georgia Governor racial-politics antisemitism mob-violence kkk justice-system-failure
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Birth of a Nation Premieres in Los Angeles: Groundbreaking Film Glorifies KKK, Depicts Black Americans as Evil

| Importance: 9/10

D.W. Griffith’s silent film “The Birth of a Nation” premiered in Los Angeles, becoming the longest and most profitable film produced to that date while securing the future of feature-length films and establishing cinema as a serious artistic medium. With assistance from …

D.W. Griffith Woodrow Wilson William J. Simmons Ku Klux Klan racial-politics white-supremacy kkk media-manipulation cultural-capture
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