United Mine Workers of America

Congress of Industrial Organizations Founded, Challenges AFL Craft Unionism

| Importance: 8/10

On November 9, 1935, John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers met with leaders of eight unions—including Sidney Hillman of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers and David Dubinsky of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union—to formally establish the Committee for Industrial Organization within the …

John L. Lewis United Mine Workers of America Sidney Hillman David Dubinsky Philip Murray labor-organizing democratic-resistance worker-power
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Supreme Court Reverses Coronado Decision, Opens Unions to Antitrust Liability

| Importance: 9/10

The Supreme Court unanimously reverses its 1922 Coronado decision, ruling that the United Mine Workers local union violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by conspiring to restrain interstate commerce in coal. After the Court’s first ruling favored the union by finding insufficient evidence of …

William Howard Taft U.S. Supreme Court United Mine Workers of America Coronado Coal Company labor-suppression judicial-capture anti-union antitrust
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Supreme Court Rules Unincorporated Unions Can Be Sued in Coronado Coal Case

| Importance: 7/10

The Supreme Court rules in United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co. that unincorporated labor unions can be sued in federal court as legal entities, establishing a precedent that exposes unions to potentially devastating civil liability. The case arises from Arkansas’s Sebastian County Union …

William Howard Taft U.S. Supreme Court United Mine Workers of America Coronado Coal Company labor-suppression judicial-capture anti-union antitrust
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Battle of Blair Mountain - Largest Armed Labor Uprising in US History

| Importance: 9/10

On August 25, 1921, nearly 13,000 armed coal miners began marching from Marmet, West Virginia, toward Logan County to challenge the oppressive company town system that had kept them in wage slavery for decades, triggering the largest armed uprising in the United States since the Civil War. The …

United Mine Workers of America Sheriff Don Chafin Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency President Warren Harding labor-suppression state-violence corporate-violence federal-intervention
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Hitchman Coal v. Mitchell: Supreme Court Authorizes Injunctions to Enforce Yellow-Dog Contracts

| Importance: 7/10

The Supreme Court ruled that federal courts could issue injunctions against union organizing efforts at workplaces where employees had signed yellow-dog contracts, dramatically expanding the legal weapons available to employers. Justice Mahlon Pitney’s 6-3 majority opinion held that union …

Supreme Court of the United States Justice Mahlon Pitney United Mine Workers of America Hitchman Coal and Coke Company labor-suppression judicial-capture progressive-era yellow-dog-contracts injunctions
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Ludlow Massacre - National Guard Attacks Striking Miners, Kills 21 Including Women and Children

| Importance: 10/10

Soldiers from the Colorado National Guard and private guards employed by the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company (CF&I) attacked a tent colony of approximately 1,200 striking coal miners and their families in Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914, killing approximately 21 people, primarily …

Colorado National Guard Colorado Fuel and Iron Company (CF&I) United Mine Workers of America John D. Rockefeller Jr. Governor Elias M. Ammons +1 more labor-rights corporate-violence state-repression progressive-era worker-organizing
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Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Mine War: West Virginia Declares Martial Law, Mother Jones Imprisoned

| Importance: 7/10

On April 18, 1912, approximately 7,500 coal miners in the Paint Creek and Cabin Creek districts of West Virginia went on strike against abysmal conditions in company-owned towns, initiating fifteen months of armed conflict that would see the declaration of martial law, the imprisonment of …

United Mine Workers of America Mother Jones (Mary Harris Jones) Governor William Glasscock Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency West Virginia coal operators labor-suppression mining progressive-era martial-law company-towns
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