United Mine Workers

Largest Strike Wave in U.S. History Begins as 5 Million Workers Walk Out

| Importance: 8/10

Over five million American workers engage in strikes in the year after V-J Day - the largest strike wave in U.S. history and the closest thing to a national general strike of the 20th century. Workers demand wages to match 16% inflation while their pay rises only 7%. Major strikes include 750,000 …

United Auto Workers United Mine Workers United Steel Workers Walter Reuther John L. Lewis +1 more labor-organizing strikes corporate-power postwar-economy union-rights
Read more →

Smith-Connally Act Criminalizes Union Political Contributions, Spawns First PACs

| Importance: 8/10

Congress overrides President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s veto to pass the Smith-Connally Act (War Labor Disputes Act), which prohibits unions from making contributions in federal elections and empowers the federal government to seize industries threatened by strikes. The legislation is hurriedly …

Howard W. Smith Tom Connally Franklin D. Roosevelt Congress of Industrial Organizations United Mine Workers +1 more labor-suppression campaign-finance political-action-committees union-busting congressional-action +1 more
Read more →

Anthracite Coal Strike Begins in Pennsylvania, 147,000 Miners Walk Out

| Importance: 8/10

On May 12, 1902, 147,000 anthracite coal miners in eastern Pennsylvania, organized by the United Mine Workers under President John Mitchell, went on strike after railroad companies that owned the mines refused to meet with union representatives. The miners demanded better wages, shorter work weeks …

United Mine Workers John Mitchell Theodore Roosevelt Railroad companies Coal mine operators labor-rights progressive-era corporate-power federal-intervention
Read more →

Lattimer Massacre - 19 Unarmed Immigrant Strikers Killed by Sheriff's Posse

| Importance: 8/10

Sheriff James Martin and 150 armed deputies open fire on 300-400 unarmed striking coal miners marching to support a newly formed United Mine Workers union at Calvin Pardee’s Lattimer mine near Hazleton, Pennsylvania. The peaceful demonstration consists mostly of Polish, Slovak, Lithuanian, and …

Sheriff James Martin Luzerne County deputies United Mine Workers Immigrant miners Pennsylvania National Guard +1 more labor-suppression gilded-age police-violence immigration mining-industry +1 more
Read more →