National Coal Association

Clean Air Act Amendments Pass with Industry-Preferred Market Mechanisms Over Direct Regulation

| Importance: 8/10

On November 15, 1990, President George H.W. Bush signed the Clean Air Act Amendments, the most significant update to air pollution law since 1970. While the law achieved real environmental gains, the legislative process demonstrated how industry successfully shaped regulatory approaches to minimize …

George H.W. Bush Environmental Defense Fund Edison Electric Institute American Petroleum Institute National Coal Association +1 more environmental clean-air-act regulatory-capture emissions-trading corporate-lobbying +1 more
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Clean Air Act of 1970 Creates EPA and National Air Quality Standards Despite Industry Opposition

| Importance: 9/10

On December 31, 1970, President Richard Nixon signed the Clean Air Act of 1970, establishing the most comprehensive air quality legislation in history. The act created national ambient air quality standards, gave the newly formed Environmental Protection Agency enforcement authority, set emission …

President Richard Nixon Senator Edmund Muskie American Petroleum Institute National Coal Association Automotive Industry +1 more environmental-regulation public-health corporate-lobbying regulatory-reform
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Clean Air Act of 1963 Establishes First Federal Air Pollution Control Despite Industry Opposition

| Importance: 7/10

On December 17, 1963, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first federal legislation to establish a framework for controlling air pollution at the national level. The act authorized $95 million for research and state grants to develop pollution control programs, and gave …

President John F. Kennedy President Lyndon B. Johnson U.S. Congress American Petroleum Institute National Coal Association environmental-regulation public-health corporate-lobbying regulatory-reform
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