Lyndon B. Johnson

Ramparts Magazine Exposes CIA Foundation Funding Network, Ending Olin Money Laundering Operation

| Importance: 9/10

Ramparts magazine publishes Sol Stern’s article “NSA and the CIA” in March-April 1967, exposing that the Central Intelligence Agency has been secretly funding the National Student Association and revealing “the whole system of anti-Communist front organizations in Europe, …

Ramparts Magazine Central Intelligence Agency National Student Association Sol Stern Lyndon B. Johnson +1 more cia dark-money conservative-funding covert-operations intelligence-capture +1 more
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Reverend James Reeb Dies After White Supremacist Attack in Selma, Killers Acquitted by All-White Jury

| Importance: 9/10

On March 11, 1965, Reverend James Reeb, a white Unitarian minister from Boston, died from injuries sustained two days earlier when he was attacked by white supremacists outside a Selma, Alabama restaurant. Reeb had answered Martin Luther King Jr.’s call for clergy to come to Selma following …

James Reeb Elmer Cook William Stanley Hoggle Namon O'Neal Hoggle Lyndon B. Johnson civil-rights violence judicial-failure institutional-racism voting-rights
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Alabama State Troopers Attack Voting Rights Marchers on Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma Bloody Sunday

| Importance: 10/10

On March 7, 1965, approximately 600 voting rights activists began a march from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital of Montgomery to protest the killing of Jimmie Lee Jackson and the systematic denial of voting rights to Black citizens. Led by Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee chairman John …

John Lewis Hosea Williams Alabama State Troopers Amelia Boynton Lyndon B. Johnson civil-rights police-brutality voting-rights institutional-racism violence
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Civil Rights Act of 1960: Voting Referees and Criminal Penalties Still Prove Inadequate Against Southern Resistance

| Importance: 6/10

President Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960, expanding on the 1957 Act by authorizing federal courts to appoint voting referees to register Black voters and imposing criminal penalties for obstruction of court orders. However, the law’s case-by-case approach and dependence on …

Dwight D. Eisenhower Congress Lyndon B. Johnson Southern Democrats Department of Justice voting-rights civil-rights federal-legislation voting-referees obstruction
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Civil Rights Act of 1957: First Federal Voting Rights Law Since Reconstruction Passes Despite Southern Filibuster

| Importance: 7/10

President Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first federal civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, establishing the Civil Rights Division within the Department of Justice and authorizing federal prosecutors to seek injunctions against interference with voting rights. However, …

Dwight D. Eisenhower Lyndon B. Johnson Strom Thurmond Richard Russell Attorney General Herbert Brownell +1 more voting-rights civil-rights federal-legislation filibuster southern-strategy +1 more
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