President Abraham Lincoln signs the Pacific Railway Act, authorizing extensive land grants in the Western United States and the issuance of 30-year government bonds to the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad companies to construct a transcontinental railroad. While the act becomes …
Abraham LincolnU.S. CongressUnion Pacific RailroadCentral Pacific RailroadThomas C. Durant+1 morerailroad-corruptionland-grantsspeculationcredit-mobilierinstitutional-corruption
Congress passes the California Land Act of 1851 (9 Stat. 631), sponsored by California Senator William M. Gwin, establishing a three-member Board of Land Commissioners to determine the validity of prior Spanish and Mexican land grants. The Act places the burden of proof of title on …
William M. GwinU.S. CongressBoard of Land CommissionersCalifornio landownersAnglo settlers+1 morecalifornia-land-actland-thefttreaty-violationinstitutional-corruptionlegal-dispossession+1 more
President Andrew Jackson orders Treasury Secretary Levi Woodbury to issue the Specie Circular, an executive order requiring that payment for public lands be made exclusively in gold or silver (specie) rather than paper currency, effective August 15, 1836 for purchases over 320 acres. The policy aims …
Andrew JacksonLevi WoodburyMartin Van BurenU.S. Treasury DepartmentLand speculatorsfinancial-manipulationeconomic-policyjackson-erabanking-systemland-speculation+1 more
President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act into law, authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi River to Native American tribes in exchange for their ancestral homelands within existing state borders. The legislation passes narrowly in the House (102 to 97) despite …
Andrew JacksonU.S. CongressCherokee NationFive Civilized TribesLand speculators+1 moreethnic-cleansingindian-removalinstitutional-corruptionland-speculationslave-power+2 more