Labor Unions

Landrum-Griffin Act Imposes Federal Restrictions on Union Internal Operations

| Importance: 7/10

Congress passes the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) in response to publicized corruption in the Teamsters, International Longshoremen’s Association, and United Mine Workers, imposing extensive federal oversight of union internal operations including …

U.S. Congress Department of Labor Labor unions Phil Landrum Leo Griffin labor-suppression union-restrictions landrum-griffin regulatory-burden labor-law
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Pinkerton Detective Agency Operates as Private Corporate Army Against Unions

| Importance: 8/10

The Pinkerton National Detective Agency operates throughout the Gilded Age as a private corporate army deployed against labor organizing, providing armed guards, infiltration agents, and strikebreaking services to employers seeking to crush unions through surveillance, espionage, and violence. …

Pinkerton National Detective Agency Allan Pinkerton Corporate employers State governments Labor unions gilded-age labor-suppression private-security corporate-violence union-busting +1 more
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Chinese Exclusion Act Bans Immigration Through Racist Labor Scapegoating

| Importance: 8/10

President Chester A. Arthur signs the Chinese Exclusion Act, the first significant federal law restricting immigration into the United States based on race and nationality. The law prohibits all immigration of Chinese laborers—defined as “both skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese …

Chester A. Arthur U.S. Congress Chinese immigrant workers Labor unions West Coast employers immigration-policy racism labor-suppression gilded-age scapegoating +1 more
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Courts Prosecute Labor Unions as Criminal Conspiracies in 17 Cases Since 1806, Criminalizing Worker Organization

| Importance: 7/10

American courts systematically suppress labor organizing throughout the early 19th century by prosecuting unions and strikes as criminal conspiracies under common law doctrine inherited from England. From the 1806 Philadelphia Shoemakers’ case through 1836, labor unions face conspiracy charges …

State courts Labor unions Employers Prosecutors labor-suppression workers-rights criminal-conspiracy judicial-hostility labor-organizing
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