Levittown, regarded as America’s first modern planned suburb, opens on Long Island to accommodate returning World War II veterans with “Clause 25” in housing agreements explicitly forbidding homes “from being used or occupied by any person other than members of the Caucasian …
William LevittLevitt & SonsFederal Housing AdministrationVeterans Administrationinstitutional-captureracial-oppressionhousing-policysystematic-corruption
The Federal Housing Administration publishes its Underwriting Manual, which establishes formal mortgage lending requirements that institutionalize racism and segregation within the housing industry. The manual emphasizes the negative impact of “infiltration of inharmonious racial groups” …
Federal Housing AdministrationU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Developmentinstitutional-captureracial-oppressionhousing-policysystematic-corruption
The National Housing Act creates the Federal Housing Administration, which immediately implements systematic racial discrimination through mortgage underwriting guidelines. From its first operations in 1934, FHA staff conclude that no loan could be economically sound if the property was located in a …
Federal Housing AdministrationFederal Home Loan Bank BoardU.S. Chamber of Commerceinstitutional-captureracial-oppressionhousing-policysystematic-corruption