American Plan Open Shop Campaign Launches Nationwide Union Suppression
Business leaders including Henry Clay Frick, Judge Elbert Gary, and John D. Rockefeller Jr. launched a coordinated campaign to roll back labor gains by promoting the “open shop” as patriotic while branding union membership as “un-American.” Meeting in Chicago in 1921, …
National Association of Manufacturers
Chamber of Commerce
U.S. Steel
Henry Clay Frick
Elbert Gary
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labor-suppression
corporate-capture
anti-union
systematic-corruption
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