Communist Party USA

Yates v. United States Limits Smith Act Prosecutions, Supreme Court Begins Retreat from McCarthyism

| Importance: 7/10

On June 17, 1957, the Supreme Court issued three decisions that significantly limited McCarthyist overreach: Yates v. United States, Watkins v. United States, and Service v. Dulles. Known as “Red Monday” to conservative critics, these rulings began the judicial rollback of the security …

Earl Warren U.S. Supreme Court Oleta O'Connor Yates Communist Party USA Department of Justice civil-liberties judicial first-amendment mccarthyism red-scare +1 more
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FBI Director Hoover Launches COINTELPRO to Target Communist Party and Domestic Dissent

| Importance: 9/10

On August 28, 1956, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover formally established COINTELPRO (Counter Intelligence Program), a covert and illegal program designed to surveil, infiltrate, discredit, and disrupt domestic political organizations. Initially targeting the Communist Party USA, the program would …

J. Edgar Hoover FBI Communist Party USA surveillance fbi-abuse institutional-corruption democratic-erosion intelligence-manipulation
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Dennis v. United States Supreme Court Upholds Smith Act Convictions, Criminalizes Political Advocacy

| Importance: 8/10

On June 4, 1951, the United States Supreme Court ruled 6-2 in Dennis v. United States, upholding the convictions of eleven Communist Party leaders under the Smith Act of 1940. The decision effectively criminalized political advocacy, allowing prosecution for teaching or advocating revolutionary …

Fred Vinson U.S. Supreme Court Eugene Dennis Communist Party USA Department of Justice mccarthyism civil-liberties judicial first-amendment red-scare +1 more
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