Cherokee Nation

Trail of Tears Forced Removal Begins as 7,000 Troops Round Up 16,000 Cherokee at Gunpoint

| Importance: 10/10

U.S. troops under General Winfield Scott begin forcibly removing the Cherokee Nation from their ancestral homelands in Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Alabama, starting a process that becomes known as the Trail of Tears. President Martin Van Buren, enforcing the fraudulent 1835 Treaty of New …

Martin Van Buren Winfield Scott Cherokee Nation John Ross U.S. Army +1 more ethnic-cleansing trail-of-tears indian-removal state-violence military-force +1 more
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Treaty of New Echota Signed by Unauthorized Cherokee Minority Provides Legal Pretext for Forced Removal

| Importance: 9/10

U.S. government officials sign the Treaty of New Echota with approximately 500 Cherokee Indians claiming to represent the 16,000-member Cherokee Nation, ceding all Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River in exchange for territory in present-day Oklahoma and $5 million. The treaty is negotiated …

Cherokee Nation John Ross Treaty Party U.S. Congress Andrew Jackson +1 more indian-removal treaty-fraud ethnic-cleansing institutional-corruption trail-of-tears +1 more
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Supreme Court Rules Georgia Cannot Seize Cherokee Lands; Jackson Refuses to Enforce Decision

| Importance: 9/10

The U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-1 in Worcester v. Georgia that states lack authority to impose regulations on Native American lands, with Chief Justice John Marshall writing that Indian nations are “distinct, independent political communities retaining their original natural rights” and …

John Marshall Andrew Jackson Samuel Worcester Cherokee Nation Georgia +1 more judicial-nullification executive-overreach indian-removal constitutional-crisis rule-of-law +2 more
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Indian Removal Act Authorizes Ethnic Cleansing to Benefit Land Speculators and Slaveholders

| Importance: 10/10

President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act into law, authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi River to Native American tribes in exchange for their ancestral homelands within existing state borders. The legislation passes narrowly in the House (102 to 97) despite …

Andrew Jackson U.S. Congress Cherokee Nation Five Civilized Tribes Land speculators +1 more ethnic-cleansing indian-removal institutional-corruption land-speculation slave-power +2 more
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