Boris Yeltsin

Yeltsin Resigns, Oligarchs Elevate Putin to President: KGB Officer Chosen to Protect 'The Family' Transforms Russia into Kleptocracy

| Importance: 10/10

Boris Yeltsin resigned as President of Russia on December 31, 1999, elevating Prime Minister Vladimir Putin to Acting President six months before scheduled elections. The succession had been carefully engineered by Yeltsin’s oligarchic allies, known as ’the family,’ who began …

Boris Yeltsin Vladimir Putin Boris Berezovsky Vladimir Gusinsky Mikhail Khodorkovsky +2 more russia putin yeltsin oligarchs kleptocracy +5 more
Read more →

Putin Appointed Prime Minister by Yeltsin

| Importance: 9/10

Vladimir Putin was appointed Prime Minister by Boris Yeltsin on August 9, 1999, marking a pivotal moment in Russia’s political transformation. At the time virtually unknown to the public, Putin was strategically positioned as Yeltsin’s potential successor. His appointment was part of a …

Vladimir Putin Boris Yeltsin putin power-consolidation appointment russia political-succession
Read more →

Russia Defaults on Debt and Abandons Ruble Defense: Largest Sovereign Default in History Caps Decade of Economic Devastation

| Importance: 10/10

The Russian government under Premier Sergei Kiriyenko announced a sovereign debt default, devaluation of the ruble, and a 90-day moratorium on commercial external debt payments, marking the climax of Russia’s most serious economic crisis since the 1991 Soviet collapse. Three days after …

Boris Yeltsin Sergei Kiriyenko International Monetary Fund Central Bank of Russia Russian Government russia financial-crisis sovereign-default shock-therapy imf +4 more
Read more →

Oligarchs Bankroll Yeltsin Re-election Victory: 'Seven Bankers' Control 50-70% of Russia's Economy Through Loans-for-Shares Deal

| Importance: 9/10

Boris Yeltsin won re-election as President of Russia in a stunning comeback victory engineered and bankrolled by a coalition of seven oligarchs who became known as the ‘Semibankirshchina’ (seven-banker outfit). Despite approval ratings below 10% earlier in the year, Yeltsin defeated …

Boris Yeltsin Boris Berezovsky Mikhail Khodorkovsky Vladimir Gusinsky Vladimir Potanin +3 more russia oligarchs semibankirshchina elections yeltsin +4 more
Read more →

Russia's 'Loans-for-Shares' Auctions Transfer $100 Billion in State Assets to Oligarchs for Pennies on the Dollar

| Importance: 10/10

The Russian government under President Boris Yeltsin implemented the ’loans-for-shares’ privatization scheme between November and December 1995, auctioning twelve of Russia’s most profitable industrial enterprises—including mining, steel, shipping, and oil companies—to a small …

Boris Yeltsin Vladimir Potanin Mikhail Khodorkovsky Boris Berezovsky Roman Abramovich +3 more russia oligarchs loans-for-shares privatization corruption +5 more
Read more →

IMF Approves $6.8 Billion Russia Loan With Structural Adjustment Conditions: Second Largest Loan in IMF History Fails to Stabilize Economy

| Importance: 9/10

The International Monetary Fund approved a $6.8 billion loan to Russia, the second largest loan the IMF had made at the time, following years of failed stabilization efforts and broken conditionality requirements. This was followed by an agreement in 1996 to provide a total of $10.2 billion over …

International Monetary Fund Boris Yeltsin Bill Clinton G-7 World Bank +1 more imf russia structural-adjustment conditionality shock-therapy +4 more
Read more →

Russia Begins Mass Voucher Privatization: 148 Million Citizens Given Certificates Worth 'Two Volga Cars' That Become Worthless

| Importance: 9/10

Russia launched the world’s largest privatization program, distributing vouchers worth 10,000 rubles each to approximately 148 million citizens, enabling the privatization of over 15,000 medium and large enterprises. The program was designed and implemented by Anatoly Chubais, chairman of the …

Anatoly Chubais Boris Yeltsin State Committee for State Property Management Russian Government russia privatization shock-therapy oligarchs wealth-transfer +4 more
Read more →

Russia Launches 'Shock Therapy' Economic Reforms: Price Liberalization Triggers 2,520% Inflation and Economic Collapse

| Importance: 10/10

Russian President Boris Yeltsin ordered the liberalization of foreign trade, prices, and currency, launching the radical ‘shock therapy’ economic transformation designed by Deputy Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar, a 35-year-old liberal economist advised by Harvard’s Jeffrey Sachs. The …

Boris Yeltsin Yegor Gaidar Jeffrey Sachs Harvard University International Monetary Fund +1 more shock-therapy russia shock-doctrine neoliberalism privatization +5 more
Read more →

Harvard's Sachs Becomes Yeltsin Economic Advisor After 'Grand Bargain' for Soviet Support Rejected by Bush Administration

| Importance: 8/10

Harvard economist Jeffrey Sachs became a formal economic advisor to Boris Yeltsin’s economic team in December 1991, after Yegor Gaidar—soon to be acting Prime Minister—contacted him in September requesting he come to Moscow to discuss Russia’s economic crisis. At that stage, Russia faced …

Jeffrey Sachs Boris Yeltsin Mikhail Gorbachev Yegor Gaidar George H.W. Bush +3 more russia jeffrey-sachs harvard shock-therapy foreign-policy +4 more
Read more →