Booker T. Washington

Wilson Administration Segregates Federal Government: Jim Crow Comes to Washington

1913-04-11 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 8/10

Within months of taking office, President Woodrow Wilson’s administration began systematically segregating the federal government, reversing decades of relative integration in civil service employment. Postmaster General Albert Burleson proposed segregation at an April 11, 1913 cabinet …

President Woodrow Wilson Postmaster General Albert Burleson Treasury Secretary William McAdoo NAACP Booker T. Washington +1 more civil-rights segregation progressive-era federal-government institutional-racism

Giles v. Harris: Supreme Court Refuses to Enforce Black Voting Rights Against Alabama Constitution

1903-04-27 00:00:00 +0000 UTC | Importance: 8/10

The Supreme Court ruled 6-3 in Giles v. Harris that federal courts cannot enforce Black voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment, effectively sanctioning the wave of disenfranchisement sweeping the South. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., writing for the majority, acknowledged that …

Supreme Court Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Jackson Giles Alabama Legislature Booker T. Washington voting-rights supreme-court racial-discrimination institutional-capture disenfranchisement