Andrew Carnegie

Carnegie Sells to J.P. Morgan: U.S. Steel Becomes First Billion-Dollar Corporation

| Importance: 8/10

In early 1901, J.P. Morgan, the country’s most powerful banker, purchased Andrew Carnegie’s Carnegie Steel Corporation for $500 million and merged it with nine other steel companies to form the United States Steel Corporation—the world’s largest corporation and first billion-dollar …

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U.S. Steel Formation - Morgan Creates First Billion-Dollar Trust

| Importance: 9/10

The United States Steel Corporation is incorporated with authorized capitalization of $1.4 billion, becoming the first billion-dollar corporation in history and controlling 60% of the nation’s primary steel capacity. Financier J.P. Morgan orchestrates the massive consolidation, fusing together …

J.P. Morgan Andrew Carnegie Charles Schwab Elbert Gary John D. Rockefeller gilded-age monopoly-power corporate-consolidation financial-power merger-wave
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U.S. Steel Corporation Formed - First Billion-Dollar Corporation in History

| Importance: 10/10

On February 25, 1901, J.P. Morgan incorporated the United States Steel Corporation with an authorized capitalization of $1.4 billion, creating the first billion-dollar corporation in history by purchasing Andrew Carnegie’s steel empire for approximately $480 million and consolidating it with …

J.P. Morgan Andrew Carnegie Charles Schwab U.S. Steel Corporation Carnegie Steel Company corporate-consolidation monopoly banking-power steel-industry gilded-age
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Homestead Strike Battle Between Workers and Pinkerton Agents Leaves 10 Dead

| Importance: 9/10

Three hundred Pinkerton Detective Agency agents attempt to forcibly seize Andrew Carnegie’s Homestead steel mill in Pennsylvania, triggering a 14-hour armed battle with locked-out steelworkers that leaves seven workers and three Pinkertons dead, with dozens more wounded. The violent …

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Carnegie Steel Company Formed Through Massive Vertical Integration Consolidation

| Importance: 9/10

On July 1, 1892, Andrew Carnegie consolidated his various steel operations into the Carnegie Steel Company, creating the largest and most profitable steel company in the world through complete vertical integration of the entire steel production chain. The company headquarters were located in the …

Andrew Carnegie Henry Clay Frick Carnegie Steel Company corporate-power steel-industry vertical-integration gilded-age monopoly
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Carnegie Opens Edgar Thomson Steel Works - Introduces Bessemer Process at Scale

| Importance: 8/10

Andrew Carnegie opened the Edgar Thomson Steel Works in Braddock, Pennsylvania, in 1875, effectively introducing the Bessemer steelmaking process to the United States at industrial scale and launching his steel empire. Construction had begun in 1872, with the mill beginning rail production in 1874. …

Andrew Carnegie Edgar Thomson Steel Works corporate-power steel-industry vertical-integration gilded-age industrial-consolidation
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