Alice Paul

Wilson Reverses Position and Endorses Women's Suffrage Amendment After Prison Brutality Exposed

| Importance: 8/10

On January 9, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson announced his support for a women’s suffrage constitutional amendment, reversing years of opposition in the face of mounting public outrage over the treatment of suffragist prisoners. Wilson’s reversal came less than two months after the …

Woodrow Wilson Alice Paul National Woman's Party U.S. Congress womens-suffrage presidential-reversal democratic-expansion political-pressure hypocrisy
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Night of Terror as 33 Suffragists Brutalized at Occoquan Workhouse by Prison Guards

| Importance: 9/10

On November 14, 1917, 33 suffragist prisoners at Occoquan Workhouse in Fairfax County, Virginia, endured a night of systematic torture and abuse that became known as the “Night of Terror.” On orders from prison warden W. H. Whittaker, workhouse guards brutalized the women in what …

Lucy Burns Dora Lewis Alice Cosu W. H. Whittaker Alice Paul +1 more womens-suffrage state-violence torture political-prisoners institutional-brutality
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First Suffragist Arrests Begin for White House Picketing as State Repression Escalates

| Importance: 8/10

On June 22, 1917, police arrested six suffragists for picketing the White House, initiating a campaign of state repression against the Silent Sentinels that would eventually result in 168 National Woman’s Party members serving time in prison. The arrests came after the United States entered …

Alice Paul Lucy Burns National Woman's Party Woodrow Wilson Washington DC Police womens-suffrage state-repression political-prisoners civil-disobedience selective-prosecution
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National Woman's Party Begins Historic White House Picketing as Silent Sentinels

| Importance: 8/10

On January 10, 1917, Alice Paul and the National Woman’s Party (NWP) became the first people ever to picket the White House, initiating an 18-month campaign of nonviolent protest that would eventually involve over 2,000 women. The “Silent Sentinels,” as they became known, stood …

Alice Paul Lucy Burns National Woman's Party Woodrow Wilson womens-suffrage civil-disobedience militant-tactics democratic-expansion wilson-administration
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Inez Milholland Dies During Western Suffrage Tour Becoming Martyr for the Cause

| Importance: 7/10

On November 14, 1916, Inez Milholland collapsed and died at age 30 during a western suffrage lecture tour, making her a martyr for the women’s suffrage movement. Milholland, the glamorous lawyer and activist who had led the March 3, 1913 suffrage parade in Washington, D.C. astride a white …

Inez Milholland National Woman's Party Alice Paul womens-suffrage activist-sacrifice movement-martyrdom publicity-strategy
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Women's Suffrage Parade in Washington Attacked by Hostile Crowds as Police Stand By

| Importance: 8/10

On March 3, 1913, the day before Woodrow Wilson’s presidential inauguration, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, newly-appointed chairs of NAWSA’s Congressional Committee, organized the first major civil rights march on Washington, D.C. Lawyer and activist Inez Milholland, riding a white horse …

Alice Paul Lucy Burns Inez Milholland Ida B. Wells Woodrow Wilson womens-suffrage state-violence racial-segregation media-strategy institutional-resistance
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